The art world lost a pioneering figure with the passing of painter Jo Baer on January 21 at the age of 95 in Amsterdam. Baer’s artistic journey took her from the realm of hard-edged minimalism to what she termed “radical figuration,” showcasing a career that spanned six decades and never ceased to evolve.

Born as Josephine Gail Kleinberg on August 7, 1929, in Seattle, Washington, Baer’s artistic inclinations were nurtured from a young age by her mother, who enrolled her in art classes at just 11 years old with hopes of her becoming a medical illustrator. After studying biology at the University of Washington, Baer delved into painting and drawing courses before moving to New York to explore perceptual psychology and philosophy at the New School for Social Research.

Baer’s artistic breakthrough came in Los Angeles in 1953, where she experimented with and ultimately destroyed abstract expressionist paintings. Upon her return to New York in 1960, she became immersed in the burgeoning Minimalism movement, shifting her focus to non-objective, hard-edged painting. Despite being a female artist working in a male-dominated field, Baer’s work stood out for its reductive and strikingly minimalist compositions, earning her recognition alongside leading figures like Kenneth Noland, Robert Mangold, and Frank Stella.

Throughout the 1960s, Baer’s work was featured in significant group exhibitions and solo shows, solidifying her place in the art world. Known for her bold and unapologetic stance, Baer’s theoretical writings challenged the notion that painting was obsolete, setting her apart from her contemporaries.

In the 1970s, after a retrospective at the Whitney Museum of American Art, Baer relocated to Europe, settling in Amsterdam and embracing a new visual language she described as “radical figuration.” This shift saw her incorporating prehistoric cave motifs, feminine archetypes, and geographical elements into her work, grounding her practice in ancient history and mythology.

Baer’s work has been showcased internationally and is currently on display at the Museum of Modern Art in the group exhibition “Vital Signs: Artists and the Body.” Her paintings can be found in prestigious public collections around the world, cementing her legacy as a groundbreaking artist who fearlessly pushed the boundaries of artistic expression.

The art world mourns the loss of Jo Baer, a visionary painter whose work continues to inspire and captivate audiences worldwide.