Recent research has shed light on the age-old debate of whether having more children can lead to a shorter lifespan. A collaborative study conducted by researchers from the University of Groningen, the University of Exeter, and the University of Turku has provided clear evidence that under harsh environmental conditions, the biological cost of reproduction can indeed impact the longevity of women.
The study, published in Science Advances, delved into historical data from the 1860s in Finland, a period marked by severe winters and famine. Euan Young from the University of Groningen analyzed life-history records of 4,684 women over 250 years to explore the relationship between reproductive efforts and lifespan under these challenging circumstances.
The findings revealed a significant correlation between the number of children a woman had and her lifespan during the famine. Women exposed to the harsh conditions during their reproductive years (19–45 years old) experienced shorter lives as they bore more children. For instance, mothers with one child lived, on average, to 71.6 years, while those with 15 children had a lifespan of 64.3 years, indicating a half-year reduction in lifespan per child.
Euan Young commented on the study, stating, “Our research challenges the notion that reproductive behavior has a negligible impact on human aging. The data clearly shows that in adverse conditions, the effort of reproduction can play a crucial role in determining lifespan.”
For more information:
Euan Young et al, Mothers facing greater environmental adversity experience increased costs of reproduction, Science Advances (2025). DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adz6422. www.science.org/doi/10.1126/sciadv.adz6422
