Revolutionary Plan to Combat Malaria by Poisoning Mosquitoes with Nitisinone
Researchers have unveiled a groundbreaking strategy to control mosquito populations and fight against malaria by introducing a new approach – infusing human blood with a drug that is lethal to mosquitoes, ensuring that they meet their demise after feeding on this blood.
The drug at the center of this innovative method is nitisinone, a medication that has received regulatory approval for treating specific rare genetic disorders. In a recent proof-of-concept study conducted by scientists from the Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine in the UK, it was discovered that nitisinone, when present in low doses in human blood, proved fatal to mosquitoes.
During the experiment, mosquitoes that fed on the blood of individuals who were taking nitisinone to manage a genetic disorder perished within a mere 12-hour period. This highlights the potential of using nitisinone as a tool to combat insect-borne diseases like malaria.
Microbiologist Lee R. Haines from the Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine emphasized the potential of making the blood of humans and animals toxic to blood-feeding insects as a strategy to combat disease transmission. The study’s results indicate that nitisinone could indeed be a promising addition to the arsenal of tools for controlling malaria and other insect-borne diseases.
While the concept shows promise, caution is advised due to potential ecological impacts and the risk of insecticide resistance. Previous research has shown that nitisinone does not harm essential insects with pollination roles, but further ecological studies are necessary to assess its broader effects.
The study involved testing the efficacy of nitisinone-laden blood on mosquitoes and utilizing mathematical models to predict its impact on simulated human populations. The drug proved effective in eliminating mosquitoes of all ages, including older insects that are more likely to carry malaria.
Compared to the existing antiparasitic drug ivermectin, nitisinone displayed faster action and longer persistence in human blood. Parasitologist Ălvaro Acosta Serrano noted that nitisinone outperformed ivermectin, making it a promising candidate for future malaria control efforts.
Unlike ivermectin, nitisinone does not target the nervous system and poses lower neurotoxicity risks. Additionally, it appears to have minimal impact on other insects, offering a more targeted approach to mosquito control.
Malaria continues to claim over half a million lives annually, with rising populations and increased drug resistance posing challenges to traditional treatments. The introduction of nitisinone as a potential insecticide presents a new ray of hope in the fight against malaria.
The study’s lead researcher, Ălvaro Acosta Serrano, highlighted the versatility of nitisinone as both a treatment and an insecticide, underscoring its potential to revolutionize malaria control strategies. The research findings have been published in Science Translational Medicine.
