By the authority granted to me as President under the Constitution and the laws of the United States, including the International Emergency Economic Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 1701 et seq.) (IEEPA), the National Emergencies Act (50 U.S.C. 1601 et seq.), section 604 of the Trade Act of 1974, as amended (19 U.S.C. 2483), and section 301 of title 3, United States Code, I hereby determine and order:
Section 1. Background.
In Executive Order 14257 from April 2, 2025, which aimed to regulate imports through reciprocal tariffs to address trade practices contributing to significant and ongoing U.S. goods trade deficits, I identified these deficits as an unusual and extraordinary threat to our national security and economy, largely stemming from external sources. As a response, I declared a national emergency regarding this threat and implemented additional ad valorem duties that I deemed necessary.
Subsequent insights and recommendations from senior officials have highlighted ongoing issues such as the persistent lack of reciprocity in our trade relationships and the adverse effects of foreign tariff inconsistencies and non-tariff barriers on U.S. exports, domestic manufacturing, critical supply chains, and the defense sector. Furthermore, I have received updates concerning international relations, economic considerations, and national security, particularly regarding the status of trade negotiations and retaliatory measures by foreign partners in response to our actions under Executive Order 14257.
Some trading partners have shown genuine intentions by agreeing to or nearing significant trade and security commitments with the United States, signaling a possible resolution to the trade barriers that initiated the national emergency declared in Executive Order 14257. However, others have either proposed terms insufficient to rectify the imbalances in our trading relationships or have not engaged adequately in negotiations to align with U.S. economic and national security objectives.
In light of the recent information and recommendations received, I have concluded that imposing additional ad valorem duties on goods from certain trading partners, as outlined in Annex I, is necessary to address the ongoing national emergency, superseding the previous ad valorem duties established in Executive Order 14257, as amended.
Sec. 2. Tariff Modifications.
(a) The Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United States (HTSUS) will be revised as indicated in Annex II to this order. These changes will take effect for goods entering consumption or withdrawn from warehouses on or after 12:01 a.m. Eastern Daylight Time, seven days post the issuance of this order. However, goods loaded onto vessels and in transit before this deadline, and entering consumption prior to 12:01 a.m. Eastern Daylight Time on October 5, 2025, will not incur these additional duties and will remain subject to the previously established ad valorem duties from Executive Order 14257, as amended.
(b) Certain foreign trading partners listed in Annex I, who have committed to or are close to finalizing significant trade and security agreements with the U.S., will continue to face the additional ad valorem duties until these agreements are finalized, at which point I will issue subsequent orders to document these terms.
(c) The additional ad valorem rate of duty for any good from the European Union will be determined based on its current ad valorem (or ad valorem equivalent) rate under column 1 (General) of the HTSUS. If the Column 1 Duty Rate is below 15 percent, the total of its Column 1 Duty Rate plus the additional ad valorem duty will reach 15 percent. For goods with a Column 1 Duty Rate of 15 percent or higher, the additional ad valorem rate will be zero.
(d) Goods from any foreign trading partner not listed in Annex I will incur an additional ad valorem duty of 10 percent per the terms of Executive Order 14257, as amended, effective for goods entered for consumption or withdrawn from warehouses on or after 12:01 a.m. Eastern Daylight Time, seven days after this order.
(e) The HTSUS will also continue to suspend headings 9903.01.43 through 9903.01.62 and 9903.01.64 through 9903.01.76, alongside subdivisions (v)(xiii)(1)–(9) and (11)–(57) of U.S. note 2 to subchapter III of chapter 99, until the modifications in Annex II are effective. Upon these modifications, those headings and subdivisions will be replaced by new trading partner-specific headings as detailed in Annex II.
(f) Except for the amendments detailed in subsections (a) through (d), the provisions of Executive Order 14257, as amended, will continue to apply.
(g) Nothing in this order will affect Executive Order 14298 of May 12, 2025, which modifies reciprocal tariff rates based on discussions with the People’s Republic of China.
(h) The Secretary of Commerce and the United States Trade Representative, in coordination with the Secretary of Homeland Security, acting through the Commissioner of U.S. Customs and Border Protection (CBP), and the Chair of the United States International Trade Commission, will assess whether further modifications to the HTSUS are necessary to implement this order and will make such adjustments through notices in the Federal Register.
Sec. 3. Transshipment.
(a) Any article identified by CBP as having been transshipped to evade applicable duties under section 2 of this order will face (i) an additional ad valorem rate of duty of 40 percent, replacing the original ad valorem rate applicable from the country of origin, (ii) any other fines or penalties applicable, including those under 19 U.S.C. 1592, and (iii) any other U.S. duties, fees, taxes, or charges relevant to the goods from the country of origin. CBP will not allow any mitigation or remission of penalties imposed on imports found to be transshipped.
(b) The Secretary of Commerce and the Secretary of Homeland Security, through the Commissioner of CBP in consultation with the United States Trade Representative, will publish semi-annual lists of countries and facilities engaged in circumvention schemes to aid public procurement, national security evaluations, and commercial due diligence.
Sec. 4. Implementation.
The Secretary of Commerce, the Secretary of Homeland Security, and the United States Trade Representative, along with the Secretary of State, the Secretary of the Treasury, the Assistant to the President for Economic Policy, the Assistant to the President and Senior Counselor for Trade and Manufacturing, the Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs, and the Chair of the International Trade Commission, are directed to take all necessary actions to implement this order consistent with applicable law, including temporary amendments to regulations or notices in the Federal Register, and to utilize all powers granted to the President by the IEEPA as needed for implementation. Each executive department and agency shall take appropriate measures within its authority to enforce this order.
Sec. 5. Monitoring and Recommendations.
(a) The Secretary of Commerce and the United States Trade Representative will monitor the situation surrounding the emergency declared in Executive Order 14257 and will regularly consult with senior officials as deemed necessary. They will inform me of any developments suggesting a need for further presidential action or indicating that a foreign trading partner has taken adequate steps to address the emergency.
(b) Should the actions taken not effectively resolve the emergency declared in Executive Order 14257, they will recommend any additional actions necessary.
(c) In collaboration with appropriate senior officials, they will also recommend further actions if any foreign trading partner fails to adequately address the emergency or retaliates against the United States in response to our measures.
Sec. 6. Severability.
If any part of this order is found invalid, the remaining provisions will remain in effect and applicable to other individuals or situations.
Sec. 7. General Provisions.
(a) Nothing in this order is intended to limit the authority of any executive department or agency, or its head; or to affect the functions of the Director of the Office of Management and Budget related to budgetary or legislative proposals.
(b) This order will be implemented in accordance with applicable law and assuming available appropriations.
(c) This order is not intended to create any enforceable rights or benefits for any party against the United States or its departments, agencies, officers, employees, or agents.
(d) The costs incurred for the publication of this order will be covered by the Office of the United States Trade Representative.
DONALD J. TRUMP
THE WHITE HOUSE,
July 31, 2025.
ANNEX I
| Countries and Territories | Reciprocal Tariff, Adjusted |
| Afghanistan | 15% |
| Algeria | 30% |
| Angola | 15% |
| Bangladesh | 20% |
| Bolivia | 15% |
| Bosnia and Herzegovina | 30% |
| Botswana | 15% |
| Brazil | 10% |
| Brunei | 25% |
| Cambodia | 19% |
| Cameroon | 15% |
| Chad | 15% |
| Costa Rica | 15% |
| Côte d`Ivoire | 15% |
| Democratic Republic of the Congo | 15% |
| Ecuador | 15% |
| Equatorial Guinea | 15% |
| European Union: Goods with Column 1 Duty Rate[1] > 15% | 0% |
| European Union: Goods with Column 1 Duty Rate < 15% | 15% minus Column 1 Duty Rate |
| Falkland Islands | 10% |
| Fiji | 15% |
| Ghana | 15% |
| Guyana | 15% |
| Iceland | 15% |
| India | 25% |
| Indonesia | 19% |
| Iraq | 35% |
| Israel | 15% |
| Japan | 15% |
| Jordan | 15% |
| Kazakhstan | 25% |
| Laos | 40% |
| Lesotho | 15% |
| Libya | 30% |
| Liechtenstein | 15% |
| Madagascar | 15% |
| Malawi | 15% |
| Malaysia | 19% |
| Mauritius | 15% |
| Moldova | 25% |
| Mozambique | 15% |
| Myanmar (Burma) | 40% |
| Namibia | 15% |
| Nauru | 15% |
| New Zealand | 15% |
| Nicaragua | 18% |
| Nigeria | 15% |
| North Macedonia | 15% |
| Norway | 15% |
| Pakistan | 19% |
| Papua New Guinea | 15% |
| Philippines | 19% |
| Serbia | 35% |
| South Africa | 30% |
| South Korea | 15% |
| Sri Lanka | 20% |
| Switzerland | 39% |
| Syria | 41% |
| Taiwan | 20% |
| Thailand | 19% |
| Trinidad and Tobago | 15% |
| Tunisia | 25% |
| Turkey | 15% |
| Uganda | 15% |
| United Kingdom | 10% |
| Vanuatu | 15% |
| Venezuela | 15% |
| Vietnam | 20% |
| Zambia | 15% |
| Zimbabwe | 15% |
[1] For the purposes of this Executive Order and its Annexes, “Column 1 Duty Rate” refers to the ad valorem (or ad valorem equivalent) rate of duty under column 1-General of the Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United States (HTSUS).
CLICK HERE TO VIEW ANNEX II
