Crystal C’Bearing is a name that holds significant weight in the realm of federal projects in Wyoming. As the tribal historic preservation officer (THPO) for the Northern Arapaho tribe, C’Bearing plays a crucial role in determining the impact of various projects on tribal lands. Whether it’s an oil and gas lease, a pipeline, a dam, a transmission line, or a solar array, federal agencies must consult with C’Bearing before moving forward with their plans.
The scope of C’Bearing’s responsibilities is vast, extending beyond the Wind River Reservation to include lands ceded by treaty, tribal routes, burial sites, and religious places across 16 states. This means that she reviews a multitude of projects each week, collaborating with other THPOs who share similar historic homelands and histories.
The work of THPOs like C’Bearing is crucial in protecting cultural and historical resources from the impacts of federal projects. Their expertise in traditional ecological knowledge, as well as cultural and historic landscapes, helps in ensuring the preservation of tribal heritage. However, recent developments pose a threat to their work.
In January, President Donald Trump declared a national energy emergency, fast-tracking the development of fossil fuel projects and cutting down the notification time for Indigenous nations. Additionally, the proposed budget for 2026 includes a substantial cut of 94% to the national THPO program. This financial strain, coupled with the shortened review period for projects, puts the work of THPOs at risk.
The THPO program, established under the 1966 National Historic Preservation Act, mandates federal agencies to consult with tribes on projects that may impact culturally or historically significant areas. If a THPO identifies a risk, a formal agreement is reached to mitigate the impacts, a process that can take years to complete.
However, with the recent changes, THPOs are facing challenges in meeting the tight deadlines and prioritizing projects. The shortened review period may force them to make difficult decisions, potentially putting cultural and historical sites at risk. The lack of funding and support from the government further exacerbates the situation, leaving THPOs like C’Bearing uncertain about the future of their work.
As the custodians of tribal heritage and history, THPOs play a vital role in preserving cultural and historical resources for future generations. It is crucial to support and protect their work to ensure that Indigenous voices are heard and respected in the decision-making process of federal projects. The fate of these invaluable resources lies in the hands of dedicated individuals like Crystal C’Bearing, who continue to fight for the preservation and protection of tribal lands. Indigenous lands and sacred sites are under threat as development projects continue to encroach on these areas. Pe’Sla in the Black Hills, a sacred ceremonial site for the Sioux, Lakota, and other nations, is facing exploratory drilling for graphite. These undeveloped wilderness areas, like Pe’Sla, play a crucial role in climate change mitigation by storing carbon and preserving resilient forests.
Tribal Historic Preservation Officers (THPOs) are at the forefront of protecting Indigenous lands and cultural resources. However, the current administration’s emergency designation for construction projects has accelerated the timeline for reviews, leading to concerns about insufficient consultation with Indigenous tribes. Controversial projects like Line 5 in Minnesota have sparked backlash from Indigenous nations, with some walking away from federal negotiations.
The lack of funding and delays in financial assistance are further exacerbating the challenges faced by Indigenous tribes. Congressionally approved funds for 2025 are being held up by the Office of Management and Budget, creating additional barriers for tribal governments. Congresswoman Chellie Pingree has called for legal action to enforce the release of funds and ensure that tribal communities receive the necessary investments in schools, housing, and infrastructure.
Despite the critical role THPOs play in preserving Indigenous heritage, many tribes struggle to allocate additional funds to support these programs. The proposed budget cuts for 2026 further threaten historic preservation efforts, forcing tribes to make difficult choices between funding health and safety initiatives or THPO programs. Without adequate resources, tribes risk losing the ability to protect their lands and cultural resources.
Wahwassuck emphasizes the importance of honoring tribal sovereignty and fulfilling trust and treaty responsibilities. The current funding actions undermine these commitments and perpetuate historical injustices against Indigenous communities. As tribes continue to face challenges in preserving their heritage, it is essential for policymakers to prioritize the protection of Indigenous lands and cultural resources. There has been a recent surge in interest in sustainable living practices and eco-friendly lifestyles. With growing concern over climate change and environmental degradation, many people are looking for ways to reduce their carbon footprint and live more sustainably.
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