Lead poisoning in ducks is a pressing issue that has been studied extensively in England. A recent analysis of ducks shot in 2021-22, as well as data from comparable surveys conducted between 2001 and 2019, revealed some concerning trends. In particular, the study found that the likelihood of mallards containing lead shot has decreased significantly in the North West and West Midlands over time. However, no other regions showed significant changes in lead shot prevalence.
The use of non-lead shot types has also fluctuated over the years, with increases in steel shot use offset by declines in bismuth shot. Despite these changes, illegal use of lead shot remains dominant, posing a significant threat to wildlife and the environment.
Dr. Strong, who led the study, is collaborating with shooters to identify and address barriers to the phase-out of lead ammunition. These barriers include concerns about cost, availability, and the perceived effectiveness of non-lead shot. Additionally, there are fears about the loss of traditional shooting practices associated with the use of lead ammunition.
One key aspect of the study involved analyzing stable isotopes in dead ducks to differentiate between wild and captive-reared birds. Captive-reared ducks, often used in driven-game shooting, were found to have a higher likelihood of containing lead shot compared to wild ducks. This suggests that lead shot is more common among driven-game shooters than among wild duck hunters.
The use of lead ammunition poses a significant risk to not only wildlife but also to people, livestock, and companion animals. Each year, an estimated 7,000 tonnes of lead is discharged into the environment through shooting activities in the UK.
Current laws in the UK include a ban on lead for shooting wildfowl in England and Wales, as well as for shooting over wetlands in Scotland and Northern Ireland. However, there are calls for the government to consider further legal changes to address the ongoing issue of lead poisoning in wildlife.
Co-author Dr. Julia Newth emphasized the urgent need for policy action to eliminate lead ammunition. Despite voluntary efforts to phase out lead, the problem persists, highlighting the necessity of government intervention. The upcoming months present an opportunity for the UK government and devolved administrations to enact meaningful change and put an end to the era of lead poisoning.
The findings of the study, published in the journal Environmental Pollution, underscore the spatial and temporal variation in the prevalence of illegal lead shot in mallards harvested in England. This research sheds light on the ongoing challenges posed by lead poisoning and the importance of concerted efforts to address this environmental threat.
Author Brendan Montague, editor of The Ecologist online, brings attention to the critical issue of lead poisoning in ducks and the urgent need for policy action to protect wildlife and communities from the harmful effects of lead ammunition.
