Extreme heat can be particularly dangerous for older adults who may struggle to regulate their body temperature and stay cool. In rural areas like Montana, where air conditioning may not be as common and resources are more spread out, the impact of heat waves can be especially severe.
Missoula, one of Montana’s largest cities, has seen an increase in heat-related emergencies in recent years, especially among seniors living in older homes without adequate cooling systems. With the warming climate leading to more frequent and intense heat waves, residents in rural communities are facing challenges in staying safe and healthy during extreme temperatures.
Emergency responders like Andrew Drobeck have noticed a rise in 911 calls during heat waves, with many calls coming from elderly residents struggling to stay cool. Montana has one of the oldest populations in the country, with about 1 in 4 residents over the age of 60. Older adults are more vulnerable to heat-related illnesses, as their bodies do not acclimate to heat as well as younger individuals.
A recent study conducted by researchers at the University of Montana in collaboration with Missoula County analyzed 911 call data during heat waves to identify the communities most affected by extreme temperatures. The study found that rural areas outside Missoula’s urban core were generating high rates of emergency calls during heat waves, highlighting the challenges faced by rural residents in coping with heat-related health risks.
Communities with a higher proportion of residents over 65 tended to generate more 911 calls during heat waves, indicating that older adults in rural areas are particularly vulnerable to heat-related illnesses. Access to cooling resources and medical care can be limited in rural communities, making it difficult for elderly residents to stay safe during extreme heat events.
While research on the impacts of heat waves has largely focused on urban areas, there is a growing recognition of the need to address heat-related risks in rural communities. Experts like Elizabeth Doran from the University of Vermont are leading studies to understand the unique challenges faced by rural residents during extreme heat events. Strategies to support rural communities in adapting to extreme heat, such as providing access to air conditioning and cooling centers, are crucial for protecting the health and safety of vulnerable populations. Rural communities often face unique challenges when it comes to accessing healthcare services, especially during heat-related emergencies. The need to travel farther to reach medical facilities can result in delays in care, which in turn can lead to more severe health outcomes for rural residents. According to experts, the lack of access to healthcare services during these emergencies can potentially harm individuals.
Adriane Beck, the director of Missoula County’s Office of Emergency Management, emphasized the importance of helping rural populations adapt to rising temperatures. While setting up cooling centers in small communities is a step in the right direction, it may not be practical for residents to travel long distances to cool off. Beck highlighted the county’s plans to utilize data from a recent study to better understand the needs of rural residents during emergencies.
In the future, Missoula County officials intend to engage directly with rural communities to identify ways to help residents cope with extreme heat. This could involve simple interventions like providing air conditioning units to those in need. However, due to budget constraints, it may not be feasible to provide air conditioning units to every household. As a result, the county is focusing on developing specific protocols for assisting vulnerable rural residents during heat waves.
Beck proposed the idea of deploying community paramedics to rural areas ahead of anticipated heat events to check on residents and prevent unnecessary hospitalizations. By taking proactive measures to address heat-related health risks, Missoula County aims to protect the well-being of rural residents and potentially save lives.
This collaborative article was produced by MTPR, NPR, and KFF Health News, highlighting the importance of addressing health issues in rural communities. Subscribe to KFF Health News’ Morning Briefing for more in-depth coverage of health-related topics.
