Insulin Isn’t Just Made by The Pancreas. Here’s Another Location Few Know About. : ScienceAlert

Your Brain’s Secret: It Produces Insulin Too

Did you know that your brain has the incredible ability to produce insulin, the same hormone that is vital for regulating blood sugar levels in the body? This discovery has been a well-kept secret for many years, overshadowed by the focus on insulin production in the pancreas.

Back in the late 1970s, a groundbreaking study revealed that insulin levels in the rat brain were significantly higher than in the blood. This finding sparked intrigue among researchers, yet it was largely overlooked at the time.

Subsequent studies in the 1980s suggested that the insulin found in the brain was actually derived from the pancreas, leading to the assumption that all brain insulin originated from external sources. However, recent research has shed light on the existence of at least six different types of insulin-producing cells in the brain, challenging this long-held belief.

The Diverse Roles of Brain Insulin

One of the most fascinating discoveries is the presence of insulin-producing cells in brain regions associated with learning, memory, and appetite control. These cells respond to glucose levels, much like pancreatic beta cells, suggesting a complex interplay between brain insulin and metabolic functions.

Furthermore, studies have identified insulin-producing cells in areas responsible for neurogenesis and stress response, hinting at potential roles in cognitive function and growth regulation. The choroid plexus, a key brain structure involved in cerebrospinal fluid production, has also been found to produce insulin, raising questions about its impact on overall brain health.

Implications for Brain Health and Disease

While the exact functions of brain insulin are still being unraveled, emerging evidence suggests that it may play a crucial role in maintaining brain health, particularly in conditions like Alzheimer’s disease. Alzheimer’s, often referred to as type 3 diabetes, is characterized by insulin resistance in the brain, leading to impaired glucose utilization and cognitive decline.

Studies exploring the effects of boosting brain insulin levels through intranasal delivery have shown promising results in improving cognitive performance and mitigating age-related decline in glucose metabolism. However, the optimal levels of brain insulin and its potential implications for cognitive function remain areas of active research.

Unlocking the Mysteries of Brain Insulin

As we delve deeper into the world of brain insulin production, new questions arise about its origins, functions, and therapeutic potential. The journey to uncovering the secrets of brain insulin may hold the key to addressing neurodegenerative diseases and age-related cognitive decline.

With each new discovery, our understanding of the brain’s intricate mechanisms grows, paving the way for innovative approaches to enhancing brain health and combating neurological disorders. The revelation that the brain is not just a passive recipient of insulin but an active producer opens up a world of possibilities for future research and therapeutic interventions.

Written by Craig Beall, Senior Lecturer in Experimental Diabetes at the University of Exeter