Scientists Confirm Existence of Superionic State in Earth’s Inner Core
A groundbreaking discovery has been made by scientists using high-speed cannons to fire tiny projectiles of iron-carbon alloy. This experiment has confirmed the existence of a superionic state of matter within Earth’s inner core, shedding light on some of the core’s mysterious behaviors.
The superionic state of matter explains anomalies in the core, such as the unusual slowing of certain waves and measurements indicating a soft, butter-like texture rather than a rigid steel-like structure.
Physicist Youjun Zhang of Sichuan University in China explains, “In this state, carbon atoms become highly mobile, diffusing through the crystalline iron framework while the iron remains solid and ordered. This ‘superionic phase’ significantly reduces the alloy’s rigidity.”
Background
For decades, the prevalent model of Earth’s interior consisted of a liquid outer core and a solid, highly pressurized inner core. However, seismic data suggested a more complex structure.
Seismic observations have provided detailed insights into Earth’s internal composition, with the low velocity of shear waves through the core hinting at a unique solid state.
Experimental Confirmation
In 2022, geophysicist Yu He and his team theorized that superionicity could explain the inner core’s enigmatic properties. The recent experimental evidence has validated this theory.
Using dynamic shock compression, researchers replicated inner core conditions by compressing iron-carbon alloy samples with extreme pressure and temperature. This technique mimicked the core’s environment, revealing crucial insights.
Implications and Future Research
By confirming the superionic state in Earth’s inner core, scientists have unlocked new possibilities for understanding planetary interiors. This discovery may provide insights into Earth’s magnetic field, generated deep within the planet.
Zhang remarks, “We’re transitioning from a static model to a dynamic understanding of the inner core. Unveiling this hidden state of matter brings us closer to unraveling Earth-like planetary mysteries.”
The research findings have been published in National Science Review, marking a significant milestone in Earth science.
