Cardiovascular diseases such as stroke and ischemic heart disease are major causes of death and disability worldwide. However, a recent study published in PLOS Global Public Health reveals that the incidence of these diseases is declining globally, with a few exceptions in regions such as East and West Sub-Saharan Africa, East and Central Asia, and Oceania where ischemic heart disease is on the rise.
The research conducted by Wanghong Xu from Fudan University and colleagues analyzed data from 1990 to 2019 on the incidence of ischemic heart disease and stroke, as well as exposure to various risk factors. The study found that while both diseases have decreased in incidence over the past three decades, there are disparities in the trends across different regions.
Ischemic heart disease was found to be more prevalent than stroke, with rates declining from 316 to 262 per 100,000 people for ischemic heart disease and from 181 to 151 per 100,000 for strokes. The study identified eight key factors that may be contributing to the increase in ischemic heart disease in certain regions. These factors include a diet high in trans-fatty acids, low calcium intake, high body mass index (BMI), household air pollution, non-exclusive breastfeeding, occupational ergonomic factors, vitamin A deficiency, and exposure to particulate matter, gases, and fumes.
The findings suggest that rapid economic development and lifestyle changes in some countries may be influencing the incidence of cardiovascular diseases. The study highlights the importance of understanding the role of socioeconomic factors in shaping the distribution of risk factors for heart disease and stroke.
The authors emphasize the need for targeted interventions to address the disparities in incidence trends of these diseases across different countries. By identifying the key contributors to these disparities, healthcare professionals and policymakers can develop strategies to reduce the burden of cardiovascular diseases globally.
In conclusion, the study provides valuable insights into the complex relationship between socioeconomic development, lifestyle factors, and the incidence of ischemic heart disease and stroke. By addressing these factors, we can work towards reducing the global burden of cardiovascular diseases and improving public health outcomes.
