A New Study Reveals Beta-HPV’s Direct Role in Driving Skin Cancer Growth
A recent study has shed light on the potential dangers of a common type of human papillomavirus (HPV) known as beta-HPV. While previously thought to only exacerbate skin cancer by worsening UV damage, this study suggests that beta-HPV can actually hijack the body’s cells to directly drive cancer growth.
The study focused on a 34-year-old woman who was suffering from cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) on her forehead. Despite undergoing immunotherapy and surgeries, her tumors continued to grow back.
Genetic analysis revealed that the beta-HPV had integrated itself into the DNA of the woman’s tumor, producing viral proteins that supported cancer growth â a phenomenon never observed before with beta-HPV.
Immunologist Andrea Lisco from the US National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases (NIAID) noted, “It suggests that there may be more people out there with aggressive forms of cSCC who have an underlying immune defect and could benefit from treatments targeting the immune system.”
The woman in the study had an immune disorder that prevented her T cells from attacking HPV, allowing the virus to trigger cancer formation in her skin cells.
After receiving a bone marrow stem cell transplant to replace her dysfunctional T cells with healthy ones, the woman’s aggressive skin cancer and other HPV-related issues were successfully treated, with no recurrence during a three-year follow-up period.
The study emphasizes the importance of personalized cancer treatments for individuals with specific immune vulnerabilities, highlighting the need for targeted approaches that may be more effective than generic treatments.
While UV radiation remains a significant factor in skin cancer development, the study underscores the potential impact of other factors, such as viral infections, especially in individuals with compromised immune systems.
Progress in combating related diseases, such as alpha-HPV’s role in cervical and throat cancers, through vaccination offers hope for improved outcomes in cancer prevention and treatment.
While a universal cure for cancer remains elusive, advancements in targeted therapies and personalized medicine continue to improve survival rates across various cancer types, including cSCC.
“This discovery could completely change how we think about the development, and consequently the treatment, of cSCC in people who have a health condition that compromises immune function,” stated Lisco.
The study was published in The New England Journal of Medicine.
An earlier version of this article was published in August 2025.
