In this perspective, the state is a neutral arbiter that enforces rules that are agreed upon by all members of society. These rules protect individual rights, ensure the functioning of markets, and provide for the common defense. The state does not pursue a national interest, as there is no such thing as a collective interest that can be objectively determined. Instead, it serves as a mechanism for individuals to peacefully and voluntarily interact with one another, based on mutual respect for each other’s rights and freedoms.
This approach to the role of the state offers a way out of the dilemma posed by the concept of national interest. Rather than trying to aggregate individual preferences into a single, coherent national interest, the state focuses on upholding the principles and rules that allow for individuals to pursue their own interests freely. By protecting individual rights and ensuring a level playing field for all members of society, the state fosters a harmonious environment in which diverse interests can coexist and flourish.
Ultimately, the notion of national interest may be a convenient fiction that obscures the complexity and diversity of individual preferences within a society. By shifting the focus away from a monolithic national interest towards the protection of individual rights and the enforcement of agreed-upon rules, the state can better serve the needs and aspirations of all its citizens. This approach offers a more realistic and principled foundation for public policy and foreign relations, grounded in the recognition of the inherent dignity and autonomy of each individual.
The concept of consented rules aiming at the maintenance of a free society where every individual has an equal liberty to pursue their own interests is a revolutionary and abstract approach. This idea emphasizes the importance of individual freedom and happiness, rather than a vague and potentially harmful notion of the “national interest.”
The traditional notion of the “national interest” often serves as a justification for actions that may infringe upon the rights and liberties of individuals. It personifies the nation as a collective entity, ignoring the diverse interests and preferences of actual individuals within society. In contrast, the idea of a common interest based on the shared values and ideals of all members of a free society provides a more inclusive and just framework for decision-making.
It is essential to recognize that the common interest must reflect the desires and aspirations of all individuals, rather than being dictated by a centralized authority or government. This approach acknowledges the inherent value of individual autonomy and diversity, ensuring that the rights and freedoms of all members of society are respected and protected.
In matters of foreign policy and defense, the concept of a common interest offers a more nuanced and ethical perspective. It rejects coercive measures such as conscription, which undermine individual liberty in the name of national security. Instead, it promotes dialogue, cooperation, and mutual respect among nations based on shared values and common goals.
Ultimately, the goal of a free society is to create a harmonious and inclusive community where every individual has the opportunity to pursue their own happiness and fulfil their potential. By prioritizing the common interests and values of all members of society, we can build a more just and equitable world for future generations.
