Executive Order 14411
By the power granted to me as President by the Constitution and the laws of the United States of America, it is hereby ordered:
Section 1. Purpose. The United States is on the brink of a quantum revolution. Quantum information science and technology (QIST) will bring transformative capabilities that will fuel American innovation, boost economic growth, create well-paying jobs, and strengthen national security. In 2018, I set the stage for U.S. leadership in QIST by enacting the National Quantum Initiative Act and increasing Federal investment in QIST research and development. Now, as other countries rapidly advance to challenge U.S. leadership, it is imperative for the U.S. to adopt a unified, government-wide strategy to expedite the deployment and commercialization of quantum computing, sensing, and networking.
Beyond pioneering quantum research, we must affirm the nation’s status as the world’s QIST leader and ensure the commercial and research benefits of quantum advancements reach the American public. Equally crucial is the protection of sensitive technologies and collaboration with allies to prevent adversaries from using QIST to compromise national security.
Sec. 2. Policy. The policy of my Administration is to ensure the United States retains a strategic technical advantage in QIST and spearheads the development of a robust and reliable quantum ecosystem spanning QIST research, manufacturing, commercialization, and application.
Sec. 3. Updating the National Quantum Strategy. (a) Within 180 days of this order, the Assistant to the President for Science and Technology (APST), working with the Secretary of War, the Secretary of Commerce, the Secretary of Energy, the Director of National Intelligence (DNI), and the Director of the National Science Foundation (NSF), and in consultation with the Co-Chairs of the National Science and Technology Council Subcommittees on Quantum Information Science (SCQIS) and Economic and Security Implications of Quantum Information Science (ESIX), shall revise the National Quantum Strategy (Strategy) to include policies supporting the evolving QIST ecosystem. This includes promoting QIST commercialization and deployment, bolstering the quantum-enabling technology framework, and fostering partnerships with U.S. industry.
(b) Within 30 days of the updated Strategy’s publication, relevant executive departments and agencies (agencies) shall submit to the APST and the Director of the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) a summary of steps taken to align their processes, policies, and programs with the Strategy.
Sec. 4. Harnessing Quantum Computing for Scientific Applications. (a) The Quantum Computer for Application Development and Discovery Science (QC-ADDS) Effort is hereby established, coordinated by the APST. This national initiative aims to develop a quantum computer capable of launching an era of quantum-enabled scientific discovery, with plans to deliver at least one such computer to a Department of Energy facility and make it available to the scientific community where feasible.
(b) The Secretary of War, the Secretary of Commerce, the Secretary of Energy, the DNI, the Director of NSF, and other relevant agency heads, in consultation with the Director of OMB, will ensure the necessary capabilities, manufacturing infrastructure, and expertise support the QC-ADDS Effort. They will deploy these resources to explore quantum-computer-enabled capabilities for commercial, government, and national security applications. Additionally, the APST will coordinate with the Administrator of NASA, the Director of the NSA, and other relevant agency heads to identify further actions to enhance the QC-ADDS Effort.
(c) Within 90 days of this order, the Secretary of Energy, in coordination with the APST and other relevant agency heads, will identify the technical specifications required for a QC-ADDS to perform transformative scientific applications that surpass current classical computer capabilities and publicly release a summary of those specifications, as appropriate.
(d) Within 180 days of this order, the Secretary of Energy, in consultation with the Director of OMB, will explore private-sector partnership models to understand the potential cost, scope, and time frame for delivering at least one QC-ADDS as described in subsection (a). Furthermore, the Secretary of Commerce will develop a plan, possibly including advance market commitments, to encourage contributions to the QC-ADDS Effort from commercial quantum computing companies. Lastly, the Secretary of War will establish or designate activities and programs to develop the necessary tools and capabilities to advance readiness for national security applications of quantum computing, potentially including a center for this purpose.
(e) To ensure robust assessment of the QC-ADDS’ and other quantum computing systems’ capabilities, within 180 days of this order:
(i) The Secretary of Energy, in consultation with the Secretary of War and the Secretary of Commerce, will establish a national center to develop the tools and capabilities needed to accurately evaluate the performance of quantum computing systems; and
(ii) The Co-Chairs of the ESIX Subcommittee will recommend to the APST a mechanism to facilitate information-sharing between relevant agencies to improve the Government’s ability to assess commercial quantum computing capabilities.
(f) The DNI and the Secretary of War, in coordination with the Co-Chairs of the ESIX Subcommittee and in consultation with the Secretary of State, the Secretary of Commerce, and the Secretary of Energy, will identify the national security implications of the increasing scale and performance of commercial quantum computers, such as the migration to post-quantum cryptography.
Sec. 5. Deploying Quantum-Enabled Sensors and Networks. (a) Within 60 days of this order, the Secretary of War will identify at least three next-generation quantum sensor projects to prioritize for deployment by September 30, 2028.
(b) Each of the following agency heads will develop a 5-year plan for advancing quantum sensing and networking:
(i) The Secretary of Commerce will develop a plan for advancing commercial readiness of quantum sensing, quantum-sensor manufacturing technology, and quantum-network-enhanced timing;
(ii) The Secretary of Energy will develop a plan for using quantum sensing and imaging to measure and characterize complex systems, and for using quantum networking to enable distributed quantum computing;
(iii) The Director of NSF will develop a plan for basic science research to identify applications of quantum sensing and networking, develop novel systems-level concepts, and improve QIST manufacturing science; and
(iv) The Administrator of NASA will develop a plan for developing and extending civilian quantum sensing and networking for space applications.
(c) The heads of relevant agencies will prioritize research, development, testing, and evaluation of applications and hardware for quantum sensing and quantum networking.
Sec. 6. Bolstering the Domestic Ecosystem for Quantum Supply Chains. (a) The Secretary of Commerce, in consultation with the Secretary of Energy and other relevant agency heads, will develop a plan to strengthen the QIST ecosystem by analyzing QIST supply chains, encouraging private sector adoption of QIST-related standards, and supporting research and development pathways that advance quantum-enabling technologies and remove QIST manufacturing barriers.
(b) Within 120 days of this order, the Secretary of War, the Secretary of Commerce, the Secretary of Energy, and the Director of NSF will develop a plan, in coordination with the APST and the Director of OMB, to encourage and partner with the private sector, potentially using prize challenges or advance market commitments, to develop quantum-enabling component technologies in the United States, and to identify any changes to statutory or regulatory authorities required to address quantum-specific market hurdles.
(c) All relevant agencies will take steps to share, to the maximum extent possible, information regarding quantum computing supply chains, such as that generated by the Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency Quantum Benchmarking Initiative, with the Departments of War, Commerce, and Energy and with the APST and the Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs (APNSA), to inform Government-wide decision-making.
(d) Within 180 days of this order:
(i) The Secretary of War, in consultation with relevant agency heads, will take steps to increase domestic access to Department of War-sponsored QIST-relevant foundry resources and strengthen efforts, as appropriate, to improve access to critical QIST supply chains; and
(ii) The Director of NSF will take steps to issue grants for establishing QIST user facilities through the National Quantum and Nanotechnology Infrastructure program.
(e) Within 210 days of this order, to support the reestablishment of the National Quantum Initiative Advisory Committee (NQIAC), as specified in section 104 of the National Quantum Initiative Act of 2018, as amended, and in accordance with Executive Order 14073 of May 4, 2022 (Enhancing the National Quantum Initiative Advisory Committee), the APST will recommend a revised NQIAC membership list and task the NQIAC with developing recommendations for stimulating the development of quantum-enabling technologies in the United States.
Sec. 7. Protecting Quantum Technology. (a) The APST and the APNSA, in consultation with the Co-Chairs of the ESIX Subcommittee, will coordinate with relevant agencies to ensure that QIST activities and policies maintain strong and balanced security controls to safeguard critical information and protect national security interests, without unduly hindering quantum innovation in the United States.
(b) The Director of the Federal Bureau of Investigation, in coordination with the Secretary of State, the Secretary of War, the Secretary of Commerce, the Secretary of Energy, the Secretary of Homeland Security, the DNI, and the Director of the NSA, will propose to the APST, the APNSA, and the Director of OMB staffing requirements to expand the Quantum Information Science and Technology Counterintelligence Protection Team (QCPT). This team will work to improve and coordinate protections against adversarial threats to the QIST ecosystem, including cybersecurity threats, coordinate public messaging and outreach related to those threats, and enhance the sharing of threat information with Federal, industry, and academic QIST research and development entities. Relevant agencies will coordinate and deconflict with the QCPT on all outreach to QIST industry and academia related to quantum-specific security guidance and threat information.
Sec. 8. Expanding and Retaining the Quantum Workforce. (a) Within 90 days of this order, the Director of the Office of Personnel Management, in consultation with the APST and the Director of OMB and in coordination with the Secretary of War, the Secretary of Commerce, the Secretary of Energy, the DNI, and the Director of NSF, will develop a Government-wide QIST recruitment and retention strategy, potentially including special pay rates and increased limits for recruitment and retention incentives. This strategy should complement existing efforts to build a strong national security quantum workforce.
(b) Within 120 days of this order:
(i) The Secretary of Labor will ensure that QIST-relevant industry needs are prioritized in workforce training efforts related to Executive Order 14278 of April 23, 2025 (Preparing Americans for High-Paying Skilled Trade Jobs of the Future), and the implementation of America’s Talent Strategy where possible, including the expansion of registered apprenticeships for relevant occupations; and
(ii) The Secretary of Labor and the Director of NSF, in coordination with the Co-Chairs of the SCQIS Subcommittee, will develop an approach to tracking labor statistics for assessing the needs of the United States quantum ecosystem, including developing a definition for “QIST-relevant occupations” and associated skills and credentials.
(c) Within 180 days of this order:
(i) The APST will engage with U.S. industry and academic institutions to promote the expansion of post-secondary training opportunities for skillsets that will lead Americans into rewarding QIST industry jobs, such as by prioritizing hands-on training with QIST systems or concepts; and
(ii) The Director of NSF will take steps to initiate a network of National QIST Workforce Development Institutes to enhance QIST training opportunities and coordinate training efforts across Federal, State, and local agencies.
Sec. 9. Engaging with International Partners. (a) The Secretary of State and the Secretary of Commerce, in coordination with other relevant agencies as appropriate, will align their respective international engagements to:
(i) Ensure that U.S. quantum and quantum-enabling technology companies have access to strategic markets and capital from like-minded countries;
(ii) Maintain an international ecosystem of quantum-enabling technology companies with access to trusted supply chains, for example, by harmonizing investment restrictions with international allies and partners;
(iii) Prevent countries of concern from acquiring critical quantum-enabling technologies, for example, by harmonizing research security and export control policies with international allies and partners;
(iv) Promote and enhance research and development collaboration and the flow of people and ideas across like-minded countries in support of the interests of the U.S. quantum industry; and
(v) Develop, promote, and coordinate effective quantum research and technology protection efforts with like-minded countries.
(b) The Secretary of Commerce, in coordination with the United States Trade Representative, will identify and provide recommendations to the President, through the APST, to address foreign trade barriers, discriminatory treatment, and other policies that limit the competitiveness of American QIST companies.
(c) Within 120 days of this order, the Secretary of State will provide recommendations to the APNSA and the APST on how to align existing bilateral and multilateral international engagements, including Pax Silica, to advance the priorities of this order.
Sec. 10. Reports. (a) Reports shall be submitted to the President, through the APST and the Director of OMB, regarding the actions directed in:
(i) Section 6(a) of this order within 90 days of the date of this order; and
(ii) Section 5(b) of this order within 120 days of the date of this order.
(b) Reports shall be submitted to the President, through the APST and the APNSA, regarding the actions directed in:
(i) Section 7(b) of this order within 60 days of the date of this order; and
(ii) Section 9(a) of this order within 180 days of the date of this order.
(c) Reports shall be submitted to the President, through the APST, the APNSA, and the National Cyber Director, regarding the actions directed in section 4(f) of this order within 1 year of the date of this order, and annually thereafter.
Sec. 11. General Provisions. (a) Nothing in this order shall be construed to impair or otherwise affect:
(i) The authority granted by law to an executive department or agency, or the head thereof; or
(ii) The functions of the Director of the Office of Management and Budget relating to budgetary, administrative, or legislative proposals.
(b) This order shall be implemented consistent with applicable law and subject to the availability of appropriations.
(c) This order is not intended to, and does not, create any right or benefit, substantive or procedural, enforceable at law or in equity by any party against the United States, its departments, agencies, or entities, its officers, employees, or agents, or any other person.
(d) The costs for publication of this order shall be borne by the Department of Energy.
DONALD J. TRUMP
THE WHITE HOUSE,
June 22, 2026.
