Bats in Yunnan Province Harbor Unknown Pathogens Closely Related to Nipah and Hendra Viruses
Researchers in Yunnan province in southwest China have made a startling discovery: bats living among the orchards are carrying a variety of unknown pathogens in their kidneys. Among these pathogens are two viruses closely related to the deadly Nipah and Hendra viruses.
Led by scientists Guopeng Kuang and Tian Yang, the team used genetic analysis to identify microbes in 142 bats from 10 different species. In total, they found 20 new viruses, as well as a new bacterium and a new protozoan parasite. Of particular concern are the two henipaviruses, known for their long genomes and wide range of hosts. Over half of their genes match those of the Nipah and Hendra viruses, which are highly lethal to humans.
While it is unclear if these new henipaviruses have the ability to cross from bats to other species, their similarity to known human pathogens has raised concerns among scientists. The viruses were predominantly found in bat kidneys, which are linked to urine production, raising fears of potential human exposure through contaminated fruits or water.
The bats were captured in fruit orchards, highlighting the risk of these viruses jumping to humans and domestic animals if they have the capability to do so. However, bats are also beneficial to orchards, as they play a role in pollination, soil fertilization, and insect control. In China, insectivorous bats save apple farmers an estimated US$2 billion in crop losses each year.
According to veterinarian and wildlife disease ecologist Alison Peel from the University of Sydney, further laboratory studies are needed to assess the actual risk posed by these new viruses. The research has been published in PLOS Pathogens.
The discovery of these unknown pathogens in bats underscores the importance of monitoring and studying wildlife populations for potential threats to human health. As we continue to navigate the complexities of zoonotic diseases, it is crucial to understand the dynamics between wildlife, humans, and the environment to prevent future outbreaks.
