In accordance with the authority bestowed upon me by the Constitution and the statutory laws of the United States, including the International Emergency Economic Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 1701 et seq.) (IEEPA), the National Emergencies Act (50 U.S.C. 1601 et seq.) (NEA), and section 301 of title 3, United States Code, I hereby issue the following determination and directive:
Section 1. National Emergency. As President of the United States, I bear the solemn responsibility to safeguard the national security and foreign policy of our nation. I have concluded that the policies, practices, and actions of the Cuban Government pose an unusual and extraordinary threat, primarily emanating from outside the United States, to our national security and foreign policy.
The Cuban regime has engaged in alarming actions that pose direct risks to the United States. It has allied itself with a range of hostile nations, transnational terrorist organizations, and malicious entities opposed to U.S. interests, including Russia, China, Iran, Hamas, and Hezbollah. Notably, Cuba serves as a host to dangerous adversaries of the United States, facilitating the establishment of advanced military and intelligence operations on its soil, which directly jeopardizes U.S. national security. For instance, Cuba is home to Russia’s largest overseas signals intelligence facility, aimed at appropriating sensitive national security data from the United States. Furthermore, Cuba continues to deepen its intelligence and defense partnerships with China, while also providing a sanctuary for terrorist organizations like Hezbollah and Hamas, enabling them to foster economic, cultural, and security connections that threaten to destabilize the Western Hemisphere, including the United States.
Cuba has a long history of supporting adversaries in the region, actively undermining U.S. and international sanctions designed to promote stability, uphold the rule of law, and protect national security interests. The Cuban regime has also shown a blatant disregard for human rights, engaging in the persecution and torture of political dissidents while stifling free speech and press. For instance, families of political prisoners often face reprisals for their peaceful protests against the unjust detention of their loved ones. The Cuban authorities routinely harass religious worshippers, obstruct civil society organizations, and deny freedom of expression, including online. The spread of communist ideologies and practices across the Western Hemisphere by Cuba poses a direct threat to U.S. foreign policy.
The United States maintains a firm stance against the abuses perpetrated by the Cuban communist regime. We will take decisive action to defend our foreign policy, national security, and national interests, holding the Cuban regime accountable for its harmful actions and alliances while also standing in solidarity with the Cuban people’s aspirations for a free and democratic society.
I assert that the actions and policies of the Cuban Government pose direct threats to the safety, national security, and foreign policy of the United States. These actions are specifically designed to inflict harm upon the United States and support hostile nations and terrorist organizations that seek to undermine our nation. Such policies are not only incompatible with the values of democratic societies but also contradict the U.S. foreign policy goal of encouraging peaceful change in Cuba and promoting democracy, free expression, the rule of law, and respect for human rights globally.
THEREFORE, I, DONALD J. TRUMP, President of the United States of America, hereby declare a national emergency concerning the situation with Cuba, which constitutes an unusual and extraordinary threat originating predominantly from outside the United States, to our national security and foreign policy.
In response to the declared national emergency, I have determined it is necessary to implement a tariff system as detailed below. This system will impose an additional ad valorem duty on goods imported from any foreign country that directly or indirectly supplies oil to Cuba. In my judgment, this tariff system is essential to address the national emergency outlined in this order.
Sec. 2. Imposition of Tariffs. (a) Effective from the date of this order, an additional ad valorem rate of duty may be levied on goods imported into the United States from any country that directly or indirectly sells or otherwise provides oil to Cuba, as specified in subsections (b) and (c) of this section.
(b)(i) The Secretary of Commerce, in consultation with the Secretary of State and any senior officials deemed appropriate, shall ascertain whether a foreign country has engaged in the sale or provision of oil to Cuba after the effective date of this order. Once the Secretary of Commerce confirms such activities, they will relay their findings to the Secretary of State, including pertinent information related to that determination.
(ii) The Secretary of Commerce is authorized to issue necessary rules, regulations, and guidance to implement this order. They may also undertake any other actions deemed necessary to enforce this order.
(c)(i) Upon the Secretary of Commerce’s affirmative finding pursuant to subsection (b)(i), the Secretary of State, in consultation with the Secretary of the Treasury, the Secretary of Commerce, the Secretary of Homeland Security, and the United States Trade Representative, shall evaluate whether and to what extent an additional ad valorem duty should be imposed on goods from the identified country.
(ii) If the Secretary of State recommends that an additional ad valorem duty be imposed, they will inform me of their recommendation, while the Secretary of Commerce will provide findings relevant to that recommendation. I will consider these recommendations and findings in deciding whether and to what extent to impose the additional duty.
(iii) The Secretary of State may also issue necessary rules, regulations, and guidance to enforce this order and may take any other actions deemed necessary for its implementation.
Sec. 3. Modification Authority. (a) To effectively address the national emergency outlined in this order, I reserve the right to modify this order based on new information, recommendations from senior officials, or evolving circumstances.
(b) Should a foreign country retaliate against the United States in response to this order, I may adjust this order or related actions to maintain its effectiveness in addressing the declared national emergency.
(c) If the Cuban Government or another affected foreign entity takes significant steps to mitigate the national emergency and align with the United States on national security and foreign policy, I may amend this order accordingly.
Sec. 4. Monitoring and Recommendations. (a) The Secretary of State, in consultation with any senior officials deemed appropriate, shall monitor the conditions related to the national emergency declared in this order and will inform me of any developments that may necessitate further Presidential action.
(b) The Secretary of State, alongside the Secretary of the Treasury, the Secretary of Commerce, the Secretary of Homeland Security, the United States Trade Representative, and any other relevant officials, shall recommend additional actions if the measures outlined in this order prove ineffective in addressing the national emergency.
(c) The Secretary of Commerce will continue to monitor whether any foreign country is involved in supplying oil to Cuba and will maintain oversight even after such a finding is made.
Sec. 5. Delegation. In line with applicable law, the Secretary of State and the Secretary of Commerce are empowered to take all actions necessary to implement this order, including temporary suspension or amendment of regulations, notices in the Federal Register, and the establishment of rules, regulations, or guidance. The heads of each executive department and agency are authorized to take appropriate measures within their jurisdiction to implement this order and may redelegate authority as permitted by law.
Sec. 6. Reporting Directives. The Secretary of State, in consultation with any senior officials deemed appropriate, is directed to submit ongoing and final reports to Congress regarding the national emergency declared in this order, as required by section 401 of the NEA (50 U.S.C. 1641) and section 204(c) of IEEPA (50 U.S.C. 1703(c)).
Sec. 7. Definitions. For the purposes of this order:
(a) The term “oil” refers to crude oil or petroleum products.
(b) The term “indirectly” includes any scenario in which oil is sold or provided to Cuba through intermediaries or third-party nations, with the knowledge that such oil may reach Cuba, as determined by the Secretary of Commerce.
(c) The term “Cuba” encompasses the territory of Cuba and any other areas, including its exclusive economic zone and continental shelf, where the Government of Cuba asserts sovereignty or jurisdiction, provided that it exercises partial or total control over the area or benefits from economic activities therein through international agreements.
(d) The term “Government of Cuba” covers the Government of Cuba itself, any political subdivision, agency, or instrumentality thereof, and any individual or entity owned or controlled by, or acting on behalf of, the Government of Cuba.
Sec. 8. Effective Date. This order takes effect at 12:01 a.m. Eastern Standard Time on January 30, 2026.
Sec. 9. Interaction With Other Presidential Actions. Any provisions from previous proclamations and Executive Orders that conflict with the directives in this order are hereby superseded to the extent of such inconsistency.
Sec. 10. Severability. If any provision of this order or its application to any individual or circumstance is deemed invalid, the remaining provisions and their application to other individuals or circumstances shall remain unaffected. If any action taken under this order is invalidated, other actions intended to address the declared national emergencies concerning the Government of Cuba shall continue to be in effect.
Sec. 11. General Provisions. (a) Nothing in this order should be interpreted to impair or otherwise affect:
(i) the authority granted by law to any executive department or agency, or their heads; or
(ii) the functions of the Director of the Office of Management and Budget concerning budgetary, administrative, or legislative proposals.
(b) This order shall be executed in accordance with applicable law and subject to the availability of appropriations.
(c) This order is not intended, nor does it create, any rights or benefits enforceable at law or in equity by any party against the United States, its departments, agencies, or entities, its officers, employees, or agents, or any other individual.
(d) The costs associated with the publication of this order shall be covered by the Department of State.
DONALD J. TRUMP
THE WHITE HOUSE,
January 29, 2026.
