Green spaces are dormant during late winter, making it the perfect time to prune your backyard trees. With no leaves, their entire branch structure is visible, so it’s easy to spot problems.
Knowing the whys and hows behind tree pruning and carbon sequestration is key to developing a long-term, healthier, greener yard. Carbon sequestration is a key function of trees, making them an essential component of reducing carbon levels in the atmosphere.
Trees “inhale” carbon dioxide from the air, use the carbon to build up their wood, branches, and roots, and then “exhale” the oxygen. The amount of carbon they sequester per year increases based on their health and size. While leaves store carbon temporarily, the real long-term sequestration happens when carbon is locked away in the woody biomass of the trunk, branches, and root system.
Pruning maximizes a tree’s ability to capture and store carbon. Removing non-productive parts that drain a tree’s finite energy, such as dead, rotted, or weak limbs, allows the tree to redirect energy into developing a stronger trunk and a denser, more efficient canopy of leaves. A properly pruned tree becomes a more effective carbon sink, capturing more carbon dioxide annually and storing it for the duration of its life.
Essential Tools and Safety Practices
Keep these considerations in mind for safe and efficient pruning.
Must-Have Pruning Tools
You’ll need the right tools to do the job effectively. Ensure you have the following on hand before you start pruning:
- Bypass pruners
- Loppers
- Pruning saw
- Pole pruner
Before beginning to cut limbs and between trees, wipe blades with a cloth soaked in rubbing alcohol, especially when you’re cutting off diseased wood, to prevent spreading pathogens.
Pruning Safety Protocols
Always wear safety glasses and gloves when pruning. Prune your trees on a clear, dry day to ensure you have a secure footing and a clear view of what you’re working on. Consider trimming branches that are close to or touching your house to limit the bridges wildlife can use to reach your home. Be hyper-aware of the “fall zone” of any branch you cut.
Pruning for Fire Safety
Factor in fire clearance codes when you prune your trees, especially if you live in a fire-prone area. If you have trees that are 18 feet or taller, keep their branches trimmed six feet from the ground. If your trees are shorter than that, keep their lower third clear.
When to Call a Certified Arborist
Consider leaving pruning to professionals when you’re dealing with:
- Branches that you can’t reach from the ground with a pole pruner or ladder.
- Any limb thicker than five inches.
- Trees showing signs of significant decay or instability.
Pruning Techniques by Tree Type
The goal of pruning shifts depending on whether you’re managing a large shade tree, a productive fruit tree, or an evergreen conifer.
Deciduous Shade Trees
When pruning oaks, maples, elms, and other shade trees, aim to encourage a strong “scaffold” structure. This is the tree’s permanent skeleton: the trunk and main branches. If it’s sturdy, it can support a massive, healthy canopy for decades. Consider these key techniques:
- Perform “crown thinning” on mature trees: Selectively remove smaller branches from the dense outer canopy. The goal is to increase sunlight penetration, which helps reduce the risk of disease and makes the tree more resilient to high winds.
- Conduct “crown raising” for clearance: Remove the lowest branches to create space over sidewalks, driveways, or lawns. Do this gradually over several years, as removing many large lower limbs at once can weaken the tree.
Fruit Trees
For fruit trees, the goal is to balance the tree’s energy between vegetative and reproductive growth. Aim to create a structure that produces high-quality, easy-to-reach fruit:
- Remove unproductive growth: Trim off water sprouts, which are whip-like vertical shoots that rarely produce fruit. The shoots that grow at the base of the tree also need to go, as they’re not part of the productive tree.
- Encourage sunlight on fruiting wood: Fruit grows on spurs. Thinning out the canopy to ensure sunlight reaches this fruiting wood is essential for flower bud development.
Conifers
When pruning pines, spruces, firs, and other conifers, the goal is to maintain their natural form and remove problem branches. Over-pruning is one of the most common and damaging mistakes made with these trees:
- Never cut the leader, the central, topmost vertical stem dictates the conifer’s height and classic cone shape. Cutting it off can permanently stunt the tree and encourage weak, unattractive replacement shoots.
- Focus on the three Ds: Trim off dead, damaged, or diseased branches. You can also remove one or two competing leaders if a “double top” forms.
Common Tree Species: Specific Guidelines
Here are more species-specific tips for effective tree pruning:
- Major shade trees: Focus on central pruning to establish a strong central leader and scaffold branches.
- Ornamental trees: Lightly prune them to maintain their natural shape and aesthetic.
- Fruit and nut trees: Remove upright, vigorous shoots to encourage growth on horizontal, fruit-bearing limbs.
- Problem trees: Regularly prune trees with weak wood or poor structure to keep them from splitting.
Post-Pruning Care to Boost Tree Vigor
Pruning in late winter helps trees because they tend to form calluses quickly, and the spring growth flush can enhance the effect. Clean cuts heal better than ragged edges, so trim damaged branches after storms. Prune back to a clean, healthy branch collar to help the tree compartmentalize and recover. Remove parts with open wounds to prevent disease and decay.
Instead of sending pruned branches to the landfill, give them a new purpose. Use a wood chipper to turn branches into valuable, moisture-retaining mulch. You can also add smaller twigs to a compost pile or use straight, sturdy branches as stakes for climbing plants.
Developing a Multi-Year Tree Care Plan
Ensure strategic pruning using a seasonal calendar, like this example:
- Winter: Perform major structural pruning.
- Spring: Monitor new growth and inspect for signs of pests or disease.
- Summer: Lightly prune any suckers or misplaced sprouts.
- Fall: Rake fallen leaves and apply a fresh layer of mulch around the base of your trees.
Customize your calendar based on the types of trees in your yard. If you have multiple trees, create a rotating pruning schedule.
Pruning your trees is not just a task, but an important responsibility as a steward of the environment. Trees play a crucial role in creating a healthier community and planet, and by maintaining them properly, you are contributing to their longevity and overall well-being.
One effective strategy for pruning your trees is to prioritize them based on size and condition. For example, you can start by giving your two largest oaks a detailed pruning this winter, focusing on removing dead or diseased branches, improving their shape, and promoting healthy growth. By dedicating extra attention to these larger trees, you are ensuring that they remain strong and resilient for years to come.
Once you have addressed the needs of your largest oaks, you can then move on to other trees in your yard, such as maples, in the following years. This staggered approach allows you to focus on each tree individually and ensure that they all receive the care and attention they require within a 2-3-year cycle.
Remember, pruning is not just about aesthetics, but also about the health and vitality of your trees. By removing dead or damaged branches, you are helping to prevent disease and decay from spreading throughout the tree. Additionally, shaping the tree through pruning can promote better air circulation and sunlight exposure, which are essential for its overall health.
As you embark on your tree pruning journey, consider enlisting the help of a professional arborist if you are unsure about the best practices or techniques to use. They can provide guidance on how to properly prune your trees and ensure that they thrive for years to come.
In conclusion, tree pruning is a valuable act of stewardship that can have a lasting impact on the health and well-being of your trees. By approaching the task thoughtfully and systematically, you can ensure that your trees remain strong, healthy, and beautiful for generations to come.
