By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and the laws of the United States of America, including the International Emergency Economic Powers Act (50 U.S.C. 1701 et seq.), the National Emergencies Act (50 U.S.C. 1601 et seq.), section 604 of the Trade Act of 1974, as amended (19 U.S.C. 2483), section 232 of the Trade Expansion Act of 1962, as amended (19 U.S.C. 1862), and section 301 of title 3, United States Code, it is hereby ordered:
Section 1. Purpose.
The United States has implemented tariffs under a variety of statutory powers and through numerous Executive Orders and proclamations to safeguard national security and respond to unusual and extraordinary threats to the national security, foreign policy, and economy of the United States. While each of these actions outlined in section 2 of this order serves distinct policy objectives, I have now concluded that where these tariffs apply to the same article, they should not be allowed to accumulate (or “stack”) because the resulting duty rates from such stacking surpass the necessary levels to achieve the desired policy goals. To prevent the overlapping impact of tariffs on certain articles, this order delineates the procedure for determining which of multiple tariffs will apply when an article is subject to more than one action listed in section 2.
Sec. 2. Applicability.
This order shall apply solely to the management of tariffs imposed through the following actions and subsequent amendments to those tariffs:
(a) Proclamation 10908 of March 26, 2025 (Adjusting Imports of Automobiles and Automobile Parts Into the United States);
(b) Executive Order 14193 of February 1, 2025 (Imposing Duties To Address the Flow of Illicit Drugs Across Our Northern Border), as amended by Executive Orders 14197, 14226, and 14231;
(c) Executive Order 14194 of February 1, 2025 (Imposing Duties To Address the Situation at Our Southern Border), with amendments from Executive Orders 14198, 14227, and 14232;
(d) Proclamation 9704 of March 8, 2018 (Adjusting Imports of Aluminum Into the United States), amended by Proclamation 9980 and Proclamation 10895; and
(e) Proclamation 9705 of March 8, 2018 (Adjusting Imports of Steel Into the United States), amended by Proclamation 9980 and Proclamation 10896.
Sec. 3. Non-Stacking of Tariff Measures.
(a) Notwithstanding any provision in the actions listed in section 2 of this order, tariffs for articles subject to those actions shall be applied as follows:
(i) An article subject to tariffs under the action listed in section (2)(a) shall not face additional tariffs under actions listed in sections 2(b) through 2(e).
(ii) An article subject to tariffs under actions in section 2(b) or 2(c) shall not incur additional tariffs under actions in sections 2(d) or 2(e).
(iii) An article subject to tariffs under the actions listed in section 2(d) may incur additional tariffs under actions in section 2(e), provided it meets all necessary conditions for those additional tariffs; similarly, articles under section 2(e) may incur additional tariffs under section 2(d), given they satisfy all applicable requirements.
(b) Subsection (a) shall not diminish the validity of any action listed in section 2. Each action remains independently enforceable, except that the duty rates shall not accumulate when conditions outlined in subsection (a) are met.
(c) If an imported article is subject to both a tariff imposed under subsection (a) and one or more tariffs from actions not listed in section 2, the tariff from subsection (a) will be cumulative with any tariffs from those other actions.
Sec. 4. Non-applicability to Other Tariff Measures.
(a) Nothing in this order shall alter or restrict the application of any duties, taxes, fees, or charges not imposed under the actions listed in section 2.
(b) Consequently, an article subject to duties from actions listed in section 2 may still face other applicable duties, taxes, fees, charges, including but not limited to those in column 1 of the Harmonized Tariff Schedule of the United States (HTSUS), duties from section 301 of the Trade Act of 1974, and antidumping or countervailing duties.
Sec. 5. Implementation.
(a) The Secretary of Homeland Security, through the Commissioner of U.S. Customs and Border Protection and in consultation with the Secretary of the Treasury, shall take necessary steps to update guidance, systems, and enforcement mechanisms, including revising, suspending, or rescinding any regulations inconsistent with this order, to reflect its policy.
(b) The Secretary of Commerce and the Secretary of Homeland Security, in coordination with the Secretary of the Treasury and the United States Trade Representative, shall provide further guidance to ensure consistent interpretation and application of this order.
(c) The Secretary of Homeland Security is authorized to evaluate whether changes to the HTSUS are necessary and to coordinate with the Chair of the United States International Trade Commission for the implementation of required changes.
(d) Changes to the HTSUS necessary for compliance with this order shall be made no later than 12:01 a.m. eastern daylight time on May 16, 2025. This order shall retroactively apply to all merchandise entries subject to applicable tariffs outlined in section 2 made on or after March 4, 2025, and any refunds will follow applicable laws and procedures of U.S. Customs and Border Protection.
Sec. 6. General Provisions.
(a) Nothing in this order shall impair or affect:
(i) the authority granted by law to any executive department or agency, or its head; or
(ii) the functions of the Director of the Office of Management and Budget regarding budgetary, administrative, or legislative proposals.
(b) This order shall be executed in accordance with applicable law and subject to available appropriations.
(c) This order is not intended to create any enforceable rights or benefits against the United States, its departments, agencies, or entities, its officers, employees, or agents, or any other person.
DONALD J. TRUMP
THE WHITE HOUSE,
April 29, 2025.
