Deanne Criswell: Transforming FEMA for the Future
Deanne Criswell made history when she was confirmed as the director of the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) in 2021. With a background in firefighting and emergency management, Criswell brought a wealth of experience to the role. Her nomination received unanimous support from the U.S. Senate, a rare show of bipartisan unity in today’s political climate.
Criswell’s mandate was clear: to overhaul FEMA’s disaster response programs and make the agency more adaptable to the challenges of climate change. In her three years at the helm, she has implemented significant reforms, overseen billions of dollars in new spending on adaptation projects, and worked to shift FEMA’s culture towards a more proactive and survivor-focused approach.
One of Criswell’s key priorities has been to address FEMA’s reputation for bureaucracy and slowness in the wake of disasters. Drawing on her own experiences as a FEMA customer, she has worked to streamline the agency’s processes and make it more responsive to the needs of communities in crisis. Under her leadership, FEMA has introduced reforms to its individual assistance programs, cutting red tape and offering more support to survivors in need.
Another area of focus for Criswell has been FEMA’s resilience programs, which allocate funding for climate adaptation and disaster preparedness. She has worked to address disparities in funding distribution, ensuring that all communities have equal access to resources. By making adjustments to programs like Building Resilient Infrastructure and Communities (BRIC) and providing direct technical assistance to under-resourced areas, Criswell is working to level the playing field and ensure that all communities can benefit from FEMA’s support.
Looking to the future, Criswell is focused on studying the return on investment of resilience projects to ensure that FEMA’s efforts are making a real impact. By evaluating the success of projects and learning from past mistakes, she hopes to guide FEMA towards a more effective and sustainable approach to disaster preparedness and response.
In her interview with Grist, Criswell’s passion for her work and commitment to improving FEMA’s operations shine through. As she continues to lead the agency through unprecedented challenges, she remains dedicated to building a more resilient and responsive FEMA for the future. FEMA is continuing to refine the way they score projects to ensure that communities with the greatest need can benefit from their programs. This includes adding points to the score for new applicants and those in vulnerable areas. This adjustment aims to prioritize projects that will have the most impact on communities facing environmental challenges.
In response to criticism from environmental groups and cities like Phoenix, FEMA has been questioned about its response to heat waves. FEMA has stated that they can only declare a disaster when state and local financial resources are exceeded. However, few communities apply for heat disaster declarations because it’s challenging to demonstrate how heat waves overwhelm local finances. There is a debate about whether FEMA should modify its threshold for declaring a heat disaster and what actions FEMA could take to assist residents during a heat wave.
FEMA emphasizes the importance of individual preparedness for extreme weather events like heat waves. Communities can reduce the impact of heat waves through mitigation measures such as planting trees, painting roofs white, and creating cooling centers. However, emergency response efforts are also crucial. During the COVID-19 pandemic in New York City, federal funding was used to provide air conditioners to vulnerable residents. FEMA could potentially reimburse cities for such initiatives during a heat disaster declaration, but a whole-of-government approach is needed to address community needs effectively.
Regarding rebuilding efforts in areas prone to natural disasters like Hurricane Ian in Lee County, rising flood insurance costs and the expense of rebuilding to code can be prohibitive for residents. FEMA acknowledges that some areas may not be suitable for rebuilding due to the risk of severe weather events. While affordability mechanisms for flood insurance are essential, FEMA also emphasizes the importance of protecting lives in high-risk areas and making informed decisions about where to rebuild.
In conclusion, FEMA is committed to supporting communities facing environmental challenges and disasters. By refining their project scoring system and considering the needs of vulnerable communities, FEMA aims to allocate resources effectively and prioritize projects that will have a significant impact. Additionally, FEMA recognizes the importance of individual preparedness, mitigation measures, and affordability mechanisms to address the challenges faced by communities in the wake of natural disasters. FEMA is facing budget constraints for the second year in a row, with Congress failing to replenish its funds. This has led to the implementation of “immediate needs funding,” which restricts spending to emergency response operations only, putting a pause on recovery and resilience projects. With peak hurricane season approaching, the agency is in a precarious situation.
In the past, immediate needs funding has been utilized after a major weather event has depleted funds. However, the current situation is different as the bills from COVID-19 reimbursements are coming due. FEMA is now at a point where it only has enough funding to respond to one major event. Hurricane Ian posed a significant threat to multiple states, potentially draining the remaining funds quickly.
Without additional funding from Congress, FEMA’s ability to respond to multiple disasters is severely limited. The agency is actively engaging with lawmakers to convey the urgency of the situation and the need for a supplemental appropriation. In the event of back-to-back major disasters, FEMA will be forced to return to Congress for additional funding at a faster pace than planned.
The looming worst-case scenario is a major disaster striking while FEMA is already stretched thin financially. Without the necessary resources, the agency may struggle to effectively respond to multiple crises simultaneously. It is imperative for Congress to act swiftly and provide the funding needed to ensure FEMA can fulfill its mandate of protecting lives and property during times of crisis.
