DNA has been modified to make it store data 350 times faster

Using DNA for data storage just got much more efficient

DNA has been used for years to store data, but encoding information into the molecule is painstaking work. Now, researchers have drastically sped it up by mimicking a natural biological process that drives gene expression. This could lead to durable, do-it-yourself DNA data storage technologies.

Even though a single gram of DNA can store hundreds of millions of gigabytes of data, the technology to make use of this isn’t yet fully viable. This is partly because the process of encoding data in DNA requires that each molecule be synthesized “from scratch” after being designed to encode a specific piece of information.

Long Qian at Peking University in China and her colleagues have now developed a way to write information onto DNA more efficiently.

“A good analogy is using a typewriter, where you have to type each letter, versus printing,” says Harris Wang at Columbia University in New York, who wasn’t involved with the work. “They could essentially get all of [the information] onto the ‘paper’ all at once.”

The team turned long strands of DNA into binary code, the sequence of 1s and 0s that is used in computing to store data. They started with prefabricated DNA templates that served as a base onto which they added shorter DNA strands, similar to threading beads onto a string. Then they used a chemical reaction to add a methyl group, which is a molecule made from carbon and hydrogen, to some of these “beads”. The methylated beads become the 1s of binary code and the unmethylated ones serve as the 0s.

Cells naturally use the same methylation process to “modify DNA without changing the underlying sequence, allowing them to store additional layers of regulatory information stably over time”, says Qian. She and her colleagues worked out how to perform this process many times at once, in parallel, by adding a special barcode to each template. This let them write 350 units of information, or bits, onto a DNA sample at once – hundreds of times more than the previous standard of just one bit at a time.

In tests, they stored an image of a panda and of a rubbing in the shape of a tiger from ancient China, then retrieved them with a DNA sequencer aided by an error-correcting algorithm. The retrieved images were reproduced with 97 per cent accuracy or more.

Finally, they made the process so convenient that 60 student volunteers could practice storing text in DNA samples using do-it-yourself kits that included simple chemistry equipment for the methylation reaction and a computer program that translated their words into code. Though these volunteers hadn’t been previously trained to work with DNA, the error rates in their encoding process were smaller than 2 per cent. Qian says this could lead to “desktop DNA printers or storage kits [that] could be developed for use at home or in small organizations, enabling users to back up important personal data, such as legal documents or digital photos, in a form that can last for centuries”.

Wang says DNA-based technology could be especially useful for archival storage, and while technology discs and magnetic tape may eventually fall by the wayside, he thinks that DNA sequencing will only keep getting better. The world is constantly changing, and with it, so are the ways in which we interact with each other. One of the most significant shifts in recent years has been the rise of online communication and social media platforms. These platforms have revolutionized the way we connect with each other, allowing us to stay in touch with friends and family members across the globe, share our thoughts and experiences with a wider audience, and even meet new people with similar interests.

However, as with any new technology, there are both benefits and drawbacks to the use of social media. On the one hand, these platforms have made it easier than ever to stay connected with loved ones, regardless of physical distance. In today’s fast-paced world, where people are constantly on the move, being able to communicate with friends and family members in real-time can be a huge comfort. Social media also allows us to share our thoughts and experiences with a wider audience, giving us a platform to express ourselves and connect with others who share our interests.

On the other hand, the rise of social media has also been accompanied by a number of negative consequences. One of the most concerning of these is the impact that social media can have on our mental health. Studies have shown that spending too much time on social media can lead to feelings of isolation, anxiety, and depression. The constant comparison to others that comes with seeing curated versions of people’s lives online can also lead to feelings of inadequacy and low self-esteem.

Social media can also have a negative impact on our relationships with others. The anonymity that comes with communicating online can lead to misunderstandings and miscommunication, causing rifts in relationships that may have been easily avoided in person. Additionally, the constant bombardment of information on social media can be overwhelming, leading to feelings of information overload and burnout.

Despite these drawbacks, social media isn’t going anywhere. In fact, its influence is only expected to grow in the coming years. As such, it’s important for us to find ways to use social media in a way that is healthy and productive. This may involve setting boundaries for ourselves, such as limiting our screen time or taking regular breaks from social media. It may also involve being mindful of the content we consume and the way we interact with others online.

Ultimately, social media is a tool, and like any tool, its impact depends on how we choose to use it. By being mindful of our social media habits and prioritizing our mental health and well-being, we can harness the power of these platforms to connect with others in a positive and meaningful way.