Gene editing embryos has been a hot topic in the scientific community, with several start-ups aiming to create gene-edited babies. But the question remains: are CRISPR babies just around the corner, or could these initiatives be counterproductive?
Two of the start-ups, Manhattan Genomics and Preventive, have stated that their goal is to prevent serious inherited diseases rather than enhance people. While this is a noble aim, it raises the question of why develop a technically and legally tricky product like gene-edited embryos when existing screening methods like genetic testing of IVF embryos already exist.
Manhattan Genomics argues that couples undergoing IVF often do not have enough embryos to select from, leading to the possibility of editing disease-carrying embryos instead of discarding them. While this could increase the chances of a child being born without the disease, there are significant risks involved. CRISPR methods, while advanced, still carry the risk of dangerous mutations as side effects. Additionally, the editing process may not be foolproof, leading to different changes in different cells within a single embryo.
To address these challenges, more research is needed to ensure the safety and efficacy of gene editing in embryos. The rollout of mitochondrial donation in the UK and Australia provides a potential model for responsible introduction of new reproductive techniques. Mitochondrial donation, which involves replacing mutated mitochondria with healthy donor mitochondria, was initially controversial but has now been approved on a trial basis in both countries.
However, some start-ups are reportedly considering conducting experiments in countries with fewer regulations on gene editing in embryos. This approach could undermine the credibility of private companies and lead to a backlash against gene editing technology.
Ultimately, the real goal of gene editing embryos should be to prevent serious inherited diseases responsibly and ethically. Instead of pursuing profit-driven ventures, billionaires and investors in gene-editing start-ups could make a greater impact by supporting non-profit research organizations. The potential for gene editing to enhance children raises ethical questions that must be carefully considered before moving forward with this technology.
