Mumps infections are making a comeback in the United States, with at least 34 cases reported across 11 states, including Maryland. This resurgence of vaccine-preventable illnesses like mumps and measles is concerning, especially as vaccination rates have declined due to anti-vaccine sentiments fueled by the COVID-19 pandemic.
Mumps is a viral respiratory infection that causes painful swelling of the salivary glands below the ears. It spreads through respiratory droplets and saliva, making it highly contagious. Symptoms can take two to four weeks to appear and may include fever, headache, muscle ache, and jaw swelling. While children may experience mild or no symptoms, teenagers and adults are more likely to develop severe complications.
Complications of mumps can include orchitis (testicular swelling), oophoritis (ovarian inflammation), mastitis (breast inflammation), meningitis, encephalitis, and even permanent hearing loss. Unvaccinated individuals are at higher risk of both infection and severe complications from the virus.
Vaccination remains the most effective way to prevent mumps outbreaks. The MMR vaccine, which protects against measles, mumps, and rubella, is recommended for children with two doses given at ages 12-15 months and 4-6 years. Two doses of the vaccine are 86% effective at preventing mumps, while a single dose is 72% effective. While vaccinated individuals can still contract mumps, their infections are typically milder.
Since the introduction of the mumps vaccine in 1967, there has been a significant decrease in cases in the U.S. However, outbreaks still occur in settings where people are in close contact, such as schools, universities, and prisons. It is crucial to maintain high vaccination rates to protect against mumps and other vaccine-preventable diseases.
By staying informed and advocating for science-based solutions, we can work together to prevent the resurgence of vaccine-preventable illnesses like mumps and protect public health.
