Rising Chronic Stress Linked to Modern Living, Evolutionary Mismatch
A recent study suggests that the increasing cases of chronic stress may stem from a mismatch between modern living and our biological evolution. According to evolutionary anthropologists Colin Shaw from the University of Zurich and Daniel Longman from Loughborough University, humans are better suited to natural environments rather than urban settings.
Shaw and Longman have compiled evidence indicating that our biological evolution is struggling to keep up with the rapid technological and environmental changes of today. The constant triggers in our daily lives, such as overflowing inboxes, construction noise, and work deadlines, keep our bodies in a state of alertness, a phenomenon that was not prevalent throughout much of human history.
Our ancestors were adept at dealing with acute stress to confront or evade predators, a fight-or-flight response. However, the key difference was that the threat would eventually dissipate, allowing for recovery. In contrast, modern stressors seem to linger, leading to detrimental effects on our health.
The researchers argue that this prolonged stress can lead to cognitive decline, autoimmune diseases, and reduced fertility rates, all potentially stemming from the demands of modern urban living. Studies have highlighted issues such as poorer fitness in urban areas, the impact of air pollution on brain health, and the correlation between industrialized environments and weakened immune systems.
Various stressors, ranging from artificial light to sedentary lifestyles, are collectively contributing to the deterioration of our well-being. Despite our advancements in technology and healthcare, as a species, we are experiencing higher levels of anxiety and depression compared to our ancestors.
Research has shown that spending time in nature can have positive effects on both physical and mental health. Humans are inherently drawn to natural environments, indicating that being outdoors is where we thrive. Shaw and Longman advocate for the preservation of green spaces in urban areas, the conservation of natural landscapes, and the creation of designated areas for relaxation and disconnection.
“Our research can pinpoint which stimuli impact blood pressure or heart rate, providing valuable insights for policymakers,” says Shaw. “It is crucial to optimize urban environments while also promoting the rejuvenation and appreciation of natural spaces.”
The study has been published in Biological Reviews.
