US to fire up small reactors in 2026 as part of ‘nuclear renaissance’

Nuclear power in the United States, which currently accounts for nearly a fifth of electricity generation, has seen a period of stagnation due to regulatory challenges, public skepticism, and the rise of cheaper energy sources. However, with the increasing demand for electricity, particularly driven by data centers, there is a renewed interest in nuclear power. The Department of Energy has launched the Reactor Pilot Program to accelerate the testing of advanced reactor designs, with a major milestone expected to be achieved by mid-2026.

This ambitious program is part of the DOE’s strategy to quadruple the output of the nuclear sector by 2050. Eleven companies working on advanced nuclear reactor technologies have been selected to participate, with the goal of at least three of them achieving criticality by July 4, 2026.

The reactor designs under development include molten salt reactors, high-temperature gas reactors, fast reactors, sodium-cooled designs, and pressurized water systems. California-based Valar Atomics is one of the companies making significant progress with their high-temperature gas reactor called the Ward 250.

The Ward 250 reactor operates on tiny particles of uranium coated in carbon and ceramic layers, providing a safe and stable fuel unit that can withstand high temperatures. The reactor core consists of graphite blocks with channels for helium gas flow, which heats up to produce steam for electricity generation.

While Valar Atomics has achieved cold criticality at a test facility, indicating progress in their technology, there are still challenges to overcome before full-scale operation. Another company, Natura Resources, is focusing on molten salt reactors, known for their inherent safety features.

Although Natura has not started construction yet, they have obtained permits for a research reactor and have acquired Shepherd Power to expedite the deployment of their technology. Both Valar Atomics and Natura Resources, along with other participants in the pilot program, face tight deadlines and technical challenges to meet the DOE’s ambitious goals.

As the 2026 deadline approaches, companies will need to demonstrate the reliability and safety of their designs through rigorous testing and operation. The journey towards a nuclear revival in the United States is filled with opportunities and obstacles, but the potential for clean and efficient energy production remains promising.