What Is ‘Spoofing’? How a U.S.-Seized Oil Tanker Reportedly Tried to Evade Detection

Dark-Fleet Ships and Their Digital Disappearing Act: Unveiling the Mystery

On December 12, 2025, an oil tanker seized by U.S. forces off the coast of Venezuela brought to light a sophisticated technique used by dark-fleet ships to conceal their whereabouts. This technique, known as “spoofing,” involves manipulating a ship’s automatic identification system (AIS) to broadcast fake location coordinates instead of its actual position. The seized tanker, a large crude carrier with a capacity of over 1.1 million barrels of oil, was reportedly sailing under the flag of Guyana, although the Guyanese government denied authorization.

Experts believe that such dark-fleet ships form a network that clandestinely transports sanctioned oil using deceptive tactics like fake flags and AIS manipulation. Spoofing AIS signals has long been a common practice among these ships to evade detection and scrutiny. However, recent advancements in visual tracking technologies have made it possible to expose the true coordinates of these elusive vessels.

Matt Smith, lead oil analyst at Kpler, revealed that satellite imagery contradicted the spoofed AIS signal of the seized tanker, showing its actual location near Venezuela while the broadcast indicated otherwise. By leveraging information from satellite imagery, port agents, ship brokers, and other sources, officials can track the movements of tankers and verify their authenticity.

TankerTrackers.com, a company specializing in tracking global crude oil shipments, has developed advanced visual tracking capabilities to photograph and trace thousands of tankers worldwide. This visual search engine enables analysts to compare a tanker’s actual location in satellite imagery with the location broadcasted by its AIS signal. Any inconsistencies between the two indicate a spoofing attempt, making it increasingly challenging for dark-fleet ships to deceive authorities.

While some dark-fleet vessels may still successfully engage in spoofing, the emergence of cutting-edge tracking technologies is raising the bar for detection and prevention. By combining satellite imagery, visual tracking, and data analysis, experts are better equipped to uncover the elusive maneuvers of dark-fleet ships and ensure transparency in maritime activities.

As the maritime industry continues to evolve, the battle between concealment and detection intensifies, underscoring the importance of staying ahead of deceptive practices to uphold security and accountability in international waters.