In accordance with the authority entrusted to me as President by the Constitution and the laws of the United States of America, I hereby issue the following directive:
Section 1. Purpose
Investments and pragmatic strategies from State and local governments in American infrastructure are vital for bolstering national security and fostering a more resilient nation. It is critical that federal policy acknowledges that preparedness is primarily a responsibility of States, localities, and individuals, with the Federal Government providing competent, accessible support. Citizens stand to gain directly from prudent local decisions aimed at mitigating risks such as cyber threats, wildfires, hurricanes, and space weather. Empowering States to make informed infrastructure choices translates into tangible benefits for taxpayers.
This directive aims to enhance preparedness at State, local, and individual levels while injecting practicality into the prioritization of infrastructure and strategic investments. By adopting risk-informed decision-making, we can fortify our infrastructure, communities, and economy against various global threats and hazards.
Sec. 2. Policy
The policy of the United States is to empower State and local governments, as well as individuals, to take a more proactive role in national resilience and preparedness. This approach not only saves lives and secures livelihoods but also alleviates taxpayer burdens through increased efficiency, ultimately unleashing our collective economic potential. Furthermore, my Administration is committed to streamlining preparedness operations, updating governmental policies to simplify processes, and enabling State and local governments to effectively assess and address the needs of their constituents.
Sec. 3. Revamping Federal Policy for Enhanced Safety and Accountability
(a) National Resilience Strategy. Within 90 days of this order, the Assistant to the President for National Security Affairs (APNSA), in collaboration with the Assistant to the President for Economic Policy and relevant executive departments, shall produce a National Resilience Strategy. This document will define the priorities and methods necessary to elevate the Nation’s resilience. A review and update of this strategy will occur every four years or as needed.
(b) National Critical Infrastructure Policy. Within 180 days, the APNSA, alongside the Director of the Office of Science and Technology Policy and relevant agencies, will reassess all critical infrastructure policies. Recommendations for revisions, rescissions, and replacements will be made to enhance resilience, transition from an all-hazards to a risk-informed approach, and shift from mere information sharing to actionable steps in implementing the National Resilience Strategy outlined in subsection (a). Notably, this review will not cover policies related to “misinformation,” “disinformation,” or “malinformation,” nor the concept of “cognitive infrastructure,” which will be evaluated separately as per Executive Order 14149 of January 20, 2025 (Restoring Freedom of Speech and Ending Federal Censorship). Policies under review include:
(i) National Security Memorandum 16 of November 10, 2022 (Strengthening the Security and Resilience of United States Food and Agriculture);
(ii) National Security Memorandum 22 of April 30, 2024 (Critical Infrastructure Security and Resilience);
(iii) Executive Order 14017 of February 24, 2021 (America’s Supply Chains);
(iv) Executive Order 14123 of June 14, 2024 (White House Council on Supply Chain Resilience).
(c) National Continuity Policy. Within 180 days, the APNSA and relevant agencies will review all national continuity policies to recommend necessary updates, rescissions, and replacements aimed at modernizing and streamlining national continuity capabilities while implementing the National Resilience Strategy from subsection (a). Policies in this review will include:
(i) Executive Order 13618 of July 6, 2012 (Assignment of National Security and Emergency Preparedness Communications Functions);
(ii) Executive Order 13961 of December 7, 2020 (Governance and Integration of Federal Mission Resilience);
(iii) National Security Memorandum 32 of January 19, 2025 (National Continuity Policy);
(iv) Executive Order 14146 of January 19, 2025 (Partial Revocation of Executive Order 13961).
(d) Preparedness and Response Policies. Within 240 days, the APNSA, in consultation with relevant agencies and guided by findings from the Federal Emergency Management Agency Council established under Executive Order 14180 of January 24, 2025, will review national preparedness and response policies. Recommendations will focus on reformulating processes, metrics for Federal responsibilities, and implementing the National Resilience Strategy outlined in subsection (a). Policies to be reviewed include:
(i) Executive Order 12656 of November 18, 1988 (Assignment of Emergency Preparedness Responsibilities);
(ii) Homeland Security Presidential Directive 5 of February 28, 2003 (Management of Domestic Incidents);
(iii) Presidential Policy Directive 8 of March 30, 2011 (National Preparedness);
(iv) Presidential Policy Directive 22 of March 28, 2013 (National Special Security Events);
(v) Presidential Policy Directive 44 of November 7, 2016 (Enhancing Domestic Incident Response).
(e) National Risk Register. Within 240 days, the APNSA, working with the Director of the Office of Management and Budget and relevant agencies, is tasked with developing a National Risk Register to identify and assess natural and malicious risks to our national infrastructure and related systems. This quantification will guide the Intelligence Community, private sector investments, State initiatives, and Federal budget priorities.
(i) The National Risk Register will be reviewed and updated at least every four years to adapt to the evolving risk landscape.
(f) Federal National Functions Constructs. Within one year, the Secretary of Homeland Security will propose modifications to the policies governing national preparedness and continuity functions. This proposal will aim to enhance communication between State and local governments and Federal officials, ensuring clarity regarding Federal roles. The proposal will be coordinated through the established process from National Security Presidential Memorandum 1 of January 20, 2025, or any successor processes before being presented to the President through the APNSA.
Sec. 4. General Provisions
(a) This order shall not be interpreted to impede or affect:
(i) the authority bestowed by law upon any executive department or agency, or its head; or
(ii) the functions of the Director of the Office of Management and Budget regarding budgetary, administrative, or legislative proposals.
(b) Implementation of this order will align with applicable laws and be subject to the availability of appropriations.
(c) This order is not meant to confer any enforceable rights or benefits at law or in equity against the United States, its departments, agencies, or entities, including its officers, employees, or agents, or any other individual.
DONALD J. TRUMPTHE WHITE HOUSE,
March 18, 2025.
