MEMORANDUM FOR THE SECRETARY OF STATE
THE SECRETARY OF WAR
THE SECRETARY OF THE INTERIOR
THE SECRETARY OF COMMERCE
THE SECRETARY OF TRANSPORTATION
THE SECRETARY OF ENERGY
THE SECRETARY OF HOMELAND SECURITY
THE DIRECTOR OF THE OFFICE OF MANAGEMENT AND BUDGET
THE DIRECTOR OF NATIONAL INTELLIGENCE
THE ASSISTANT TO THE PRESIDENT FOR NATIONAL SECURITY AFFAIRS
THE ASSISTANT TO THE PRESIDENT FOR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
THE ASSISTANT TO THE PRESIDENT FOR ECONOMIC POLICY
THE ASSISTANT TO THE PRESIDENT FOR DOMESTIC POLICY
THE ADMINISTRATOR OF THE NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION
THE CHAIRMAN OF THE FEDERAL COMMUNICATIONS COMMISSION
By the authority vested in me as President by the Constitution and the laws of the United States of America, I hereby direct the following:
Section 1. National Space Transportation Goals
Access to, from, and within space serves as a crucial national and economic security interest. American space transportation capabilities support the global economy, and commercial space innovation thrives on affordable, reliable, and safe space transportation. The United States must establish and maintain space transportation capabilities that guarantee access to all orbital regimes relevant to U.S. interests, from suborbital and very-low Earth orbit altitudes to the lunar surface, Lagrange points, and deep space. By 2030, our space transportation ranges must expand to support over 1,000 launches and reentries each year. The policies outlined in this memorandum will ensure America’s ongoing dominance in space.
Sec. 2. Space Launch and Reentry Infrastructure
(a) The Secretary of War and the Administrator of the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) are tasked with operating Federal launch and reentry ranges and facilities transparently to accommodate both government and non-government users.
(b) The heads of relevant executive departments and agencies (agencies) shall, in consultation with State, local, tribal, territorial, and industry partners:
(i) regularly assess opportunities to improve launch and reentry infrastructure and access;
(ii) promote co-development of launch and reentry infrastructure, including through leases, commercial investment, and public-private partnerships for capital improvements on Federal property;
(iii) facilitate commercial access to Federal launch and reentry sites;
(iv) expedite facility permitting and environmental reviews, in line with Executive Order 14335 of August 13, 2025 (Enabling Competition in the Commercial Space Industry); and
(v) develop fair and transparent cost recovery policies for common services, commodities, and infrastructure.
(c) The Secretary of War and the Administrator of NASA must prioritize and coordinate infrastructure investments to optimize launch and reentry capacity, flexibility, agility, resilience, and economies of scale at Federal launch and reentry facilities and ranges.
(d) Within 180 days of the date of this memorandum, the Secretary of War, in coordination with the Administrator of NASA, the Secretary of Commerce, the Secretary of Transportation, and other relevant agencies, shall establish Federal range scheduling criteria to maximize efficient use of range resources for commercial users while ensuring U.S. Government needs are met.
(e) The Secretary of War, in coordination with the Administrator of NASA and other relevant agencies, shall regularly publish range schedules to ensure transparent allocation of resources and optimize launch capacity.
(f) Within 180 days of the date of this memorandum, the Secretary of Transportation, in coordination with the Secretary of War and the Administrator of NASA, shall:
(i) identify potential locations for additional launch facilities and targeted infrastructure development or improvement, consulting with the Secretary of Commerce, State and local officials, and other relevant stakeholders, and report findings to the President through the Assistant to the President for Science and Technology (APST);
(ii) integrate space launch and reentry management into airspace and traffic control modernization efforts; and
(iii) designate priority airspace for critical space launch corridors.
(g) The Secretary of Commerce and the Chairman of the Federal Communications Commission, in coordination with the heads of relevant agencies, shall ensure reliable spectrum access for commercial and Federal space launch, reentry, recovery, and on-orbit activities. They must report to the President on their approach to ensuring reliable spectrum access within 180 days of this memorandum and every two years thereafter, through the APST and the Assistant to the President for Economic Policy (APEP).
(h) Within 180 days of the date of this memorandum, the Secretary of War and the Secretary of Homeland Security, in coordination with the Administrator of NASA, the Secretary of Transportation, and other relevant agencies, shall report to the President on actions to secure U.S. space launch infrastructure on Federal property. This includes recommendations for additional policy direction, resources, or authorities required to secure U.S. space launch infrastructure, through the APNSA, the APST, the APEP, and the Director of the Office of Management and Budget.
(i) Within 180 days of this memorandum, the Secretary of War, in coordination with the Secretary of Transportation and the Administrator of NASA, shall assess regulatory, programmatic, operational, and technological barriers for prompt, responsive, and resilient space access. This includes the ability to accommodate accelerated timelines and expeditionary locations to support high-priority civil and national security space launch needs.
(j) Within 90 days of this memorandum, the Secretary of the Interior, in coordination with the Secretary of War, the Secretary of Transportation, and other relevant agencies, and consulting with local and industry stakeholders, as appropriate, shall identify Federal lands to serve as an additional designated Federal land reentry site.
(k) Within 180 days of this memorandum, the Secretary of Transportation shall evaluate reentry safety criteria to support the development of the designated Federal land reentry site.
(l) Within 240 days of this memorandum, the Secretary of Commerce, in coordination with the heads of relevant agencies, shall create a development plan for the designated Federal land reentry site that considers commercial access, infrastructure, and co-development needs and opportunities.
Sec. 3. Space Transportation Industrial Base
Within 180 days of this memorandum, the APST shall collaborate with the heads of relevant agencies to develop and implement a space transportation industrial base strategy that:
(a) fosters a vibrant, competitive, and resilient space transportation industry to ensure continued leadership in space transportation capabilities and American space superiority;
(b) facilitates a U.S. space transportation industry with increased capability, affordability, security, and resilience to meet the needs of U.S. Government and non-government users;
(c) strengthens and supports workforce development and retention programs, military service transition pathways, government-industry exchanges, and other talent pipelines to maintain a world-class U.S. space transportation workforce; and
(d) is reviewed and updated, as appropriate, every two years.
Sec. 4. Space Transportation Market Access
Within 120 days of this memorandum, and every two years thereafter, the Secretary of State and the Secretary of Commerce shall update, as appropriate and consistent with U.S. economic, foreign relations, nonproliferation, and national security interests:
(a) export policies and programs, in coordination with the Administrator of NASA, the Secretary of War, and the Secretary of Transportation, to promote U.S. space transportation capabilities and standards abroad; protect U.S. intellectual property; and include industry advocacy, foreign sales, co-investment, co-development, market access, regulatory alignment, and technology protections; and
(b) export controls, in coordination with the Secretary of War, to enable U.S. export opportunities for space transportation-related capabilities to allies and partners.
Sec. 5. International Collaboration
The APST and the APNSA shall work with the heads of relevant agencies to review, on a case-by-case basis, requests to launch foreign space vehicles or permit their reentry into the U.S. for commercial purposes, and shall issue a recommendation to the President within 60 days of receiving the necessary information. They shall consider:
(a) alignment with U.S. foreign policy and national security interests, including international obligations and nonproliferation commitments;
(b) impacts on the health and competitiveness of the U.S. space industrial base;
(c) verifiable foreign direct investment in U.S. space markets, in line with broader U.S. policy considerations and constraints, including for advancing national scientific, technological, industrial, and strategic space interests;
(d) liability assumed and indemnification granted by the foreign entity for launch, reentry, and related activities in the event of claims involving the U.S., its citizens, or entities; and
(e) effects on Federal launch site infrastructure and availability for Federal launch users.
Sec. 6. United States Government Space Transportation
(a) The heads of relevant agencies shall ensure U.S. Government payloads are launched by or transported in space on U.S.-manufactured vehicles, except for:
(i) international programs with no-exchange-of-funds agreements, including launches of scientific instruments on foreign spacecraft, or other cooperative agreements where launch services are provided by a foreign government;
(ii) technology demonstrations or science payloads where the payload is secondary to the mission, and no comparable U.S. launch service is available to meet mission needs; or
(iii) hosted payload arrangements on spacecraft not owned by the U.S.
(b) The Secretary of War and the Administrator of NASA, as the launch agents for national security and civil space missions, respectively, shall, in consultation with the heads of relevant agencies:
(i) ensure reliable, affordable access to space transportation services that meet U.S. Government agency requirements;
(ii) support the U.S. space transportation industrial base, in consultation with the Secretary of Commerce, to maintain a vibrant and dynamic competitive market, stabilize domestic supply chains, and maximize taxpayer value;
(iii) prioritize commercial space transportation services for U.S. Government needs;
(iv) avoid conducting U.S. Government space transportation activities that preclude, discourage, or compete with U.S. commercial space transportation activities, unless required by public safety or national security;
(v) provide multiple avenues for reliably deploying U.S. Government payloads across all relevant key orbital regimes and payload classes;
(vi) coordinate space transportation acquisitions to maximize shared requirements and U.S. Government buying power;
(vii) ensure consistency in new entrant certification for U.S. Government launch requirements;
(viii) develop launch concepts, techniques, and technologies for augmenting or rapidly restoring space capabilities during crises, conflicts, or launch system failures;
(ix) provide and coordinate ridesharing and hosted payload opportunities to maximize launch and reentry resources for U.S. Government or partner missions, including for science and technology demonstrations, component risk reduction missions, and operational prototypes;
(x) develop standardized, flexible, and adaptable interfaces between launch vehicles and spacecraft to enable remanifesting payloads on an operationally relevant timeframe;
(xi) evaluate U.S. Government in-space transportation needs such as space weather awareness, debris removal, and on-orbit servicing; and
(xii) facilitate U.S. commercial industry access, where appropriate, to flight data and lessons learned for spaceflight safety.
(c) The Administrator of NASA, in consultation with the heads of other relevant agencies, shall:
(i) develop a lunar logistics architecture that supports commercial transportation to and from the lunar surface;
(ii) explore commercial robotic access to Mars;
(iii) explore commercial architectures for human missions to Mars and return to Earth; and
(iv) ensure the availability of commercial crew and cargo services to meet U.S. Government needs.
(d) The Secretary of War shall:
(i) pursue in-space transportation services for existing and potential Department of War mission applications, such as on-orbit servicing and in-space logistics, in coordination with the Administrator of NASA, to support the in-space transportation industry;
(ii) optimize infrastructure to support diverse transportation types, including spaceplanes;
(iii) consider in-space transportation services when designing military architectures and force structures; and
(iv) explore novel rapid, responsive, and resilient launch architectures, including relocatable equipment.
Sec. 7. Interagency Coordination
(a) In line with Executive Order 14369 of December 18, 2025 (Ensuring American Space Superiority), the APST shall coordinate the interagency implementation of this policy.
(b) The heads of relevant agencies may submit requests for waivers, deviations, or exceptions to this policy to the President through the APST.
Sec. 8. Rescission
This memorandum supersedes Presidential Policy Directive 26 of November 21, 2013 (National Space Transportation Policy), which is hereby revoked. Inconsistencies with previous Presidential Memoranda or Space Policy Directives shall be resolved in favor of this memorandum. This document waives Administration requirements from the Space Transportation Policy announced on December 21, 2004, in accordance with 51 U.S.C. 30703, and replaces such guidance with the directives herein.
Sec. 9. General Provisions
(a) Nothing in this memorandum shall be construed to impair or otherwise affect:
(i) the authority granted by law to an executive department or agency, or the head thereof; or
(ii) the functions of the Director of the Office of Management and Budget related to budgetary, administrative, or legislative proposals.
(b) Implementation of this memorandum shall be consistent with applicable law and subject to available appropriations.
(c) This memorandum does not create any right or benefit, substantive or procedural, enforceable by law or in equity by any party against the United States, its departments, agencies, or entities, its officers, employees, or agents, or any other person.
(d) The Secretary of War is authorized and directed to publish this memorandum in the Federal Register.
DONALD J. TRUMP
