Drones have revolutionized the way researchers explore and discover new species, with consumer-grade hobby drones proving to be valuable tools in uncovering Earth’s hidden biodiversity. Recently, a new species of carnation, known as Schiedea waiahuluensis, was found hanging off towering cliffs in Hawaii’s Kauaʻi island. This discovery was made possible through the use of a drone equipped with advanced sensor technology and a custom-designed claw-like plant extraction device.
The researchers initially mistook the new species for an already known carnation species, but upon closer inspection with the drone, they realized they had stumbled upon something entirely new. Schiedea waiahuluensis is a unique plant that grows out of vertical bare rock in patches of soil at elevations between 530-950 meters. Unfortunately, the plant’s population has been significantly impacted by invasive species and feral goats, with researchers estimating only 345 individuals remaining.
To extract a sample of the newly discovered species, researchers utilized a DJI Phantom 4 pro quadcopter drone equipped with a high-resolution image sensor. They developed a custom-built device called the “Mamba,” which resembles a claw and is designed to grab, cut, and collect samples from vertical cliff environments. This innovative approach marked the first instance of a drone being used to identify a previously unknown species, highlighting the significance of unmanned aircraft systems in conservation efforts.
While this may be the first example of a drone aiding in a new discovery, drones have become increasingly common tools for researchers in recent years. They have been used to rediscover extinct species, collect DNA samples from remote habitats, and explore inaccessible areas that humans cannot reach. The use of drones not only aids researchers in their work but also minimizes direct human impact on fragile ecosystems.
Looking ahead, researchers are optimistic that the “Mamba” claw and drone technology will lead to further discoveries in the exploration of cliff ecosystems. The potential for hidden floristic diversity to emerge through drone-assisted exploration offers exciting prospects for uncovering new species and understanding the biodiversity of remote environments like the Hawaiian Islands.
